Black Sarawak Pepper from Malaysia, 200 g

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Yang di-Pertua Negeri". Sarawak Government. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015 . Retrieved 12 January 2016. On 26 November 2015, it was announced that the Kuching Division district of Serian would become Sarawak's 12th division and it had officiated by Adenan Satem at its formal creation on 11 April 2015. [122] Status of Sabah, Sarawak stays". Bernama. Daily Express. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019 . Retrieved 10 April 2019. In comparison to the number of other medical facilities, mental health is only serviced by a single facility, Hospital Sentosa. [255] This abundance of medical services has made Sarawak a medical tourism destination for visitors from neighbouring Brunei and Indonesia. [256]

To protect the interests of the Sarawakians in the Malaysian federation, special safeguards have been included in the Constitution of Malaysia. These include: control over immigration in and out of the state as well as the residence status of non-Sarawakians and Sabahans, limitations on the practice of law to resident lawyers, independence of the Sarawak High Court from the High Court Peninsular Malaysia, a requirement that the Sarawak Chief Minister be consulted prior to the appointment of the chief judge of the Sarawak High Court, the existence of Native Courts in Sarawak and the power to levy sales tax. Natives in Sarawak enjoy special privileges such as quotas and employment in public service, scholarships, university placements, and business permits. [99] Local governments in Sarawak are exempt from local council laws enacted by the Malaysian parliament. [100] This level of autonomy means Sarawak is sometimes referred to as a "region", to differentiate it from less autonomous states. [101] The State Assembly building is located near the Kuching waterfront. At the moment, he said the income from the pepper farms could not help these small planters get out of the poverty cycle. Marshall, Cavendish (2007). World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 9. Bangladesh: Marshall Cavendish. p.1182. ISBN 978-0-7614-7642-9 . Retrieved 2 November 2015. Sarawak has a tropical geography with an equatorial climate and experiences two monsoon seasons: a northeast monsoon and a southwest monsoon. The northeast monsoon occurs between November and February, bringing heavy rainfall while the southwest monsoon, which occurs between March and October, brings somewhat less rainfall. The climate is stable throughout the year except for the two monsoons, with average daily temperature varying between 23°C (73°F) in the morning to 32°C (90°F) in the afternoon at coastal areas. Miri has the lowest average temperatures in comparison to other major towns in Sarawak and has the longest daylight hours (more than six hours a day), while other areas receive sunshine for five to six hours a day. Humidity is usually high, exceeding 68 per cent, with annual rainfall varying between 330cm (130in) and 460cm (180in) for up to 220 days a year. [137] At highland areas, the temperature can vary from 16°C (61°F) to 25°C (77°F) during the day and as low as 11°C (52°F) during the night. [141] Sarawak being home to diverse communities, has a variety of ethnically influenced cuisines and cooking styles rarely found elsewhere in Malaysia. Notable dishes in the state include Sarawak laksa, [341] kolo mee, [342] and ayam pansuh. [343] [344] The state is also known for its Sarawak layer cake dessert. [345] Portrayal in media [ edit ]My Constitution: About Sabah and Sarawak". Malaysian Bar. 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012 . Retrieved 13 November 2015. With expansion came the need for efficient governance and thus, beginning in 1841, Sarawak was separated into the first of its administrative divisions [56] with currency, the Sarawak dollar, beginning circulation in 1858. [57] By 1912, a total of five divisions had been established in Sarawak, each headed by a Resident. [56] The Brooke family generally practised a paternalistic form of government with minimal bureaucracy, but were pressured to establish some form of legal framework. Since they were unfamiliar with local customs, the Brooke government created an advisory Supreme Council, mostly consisting of Malay chiefs, to provide guidance. This council is the oldest state legislative assembly in Malaysia, with the first General Council meeting taking place at Bintulu in 1867. [58] In 1928, a Judicial Commissioner, Thomas Stirling Boyd, was appointed as the first legally trained judge. A similar system relating to matters concerning various Chinese communities was also formed. [59] Members of the local community were encouraged by the Brooke regime to focus on particular functions within the territory: the Ibans and other Dayak people were hired as militia while Malays were primarily administrators. Chinese, both local and immigrant, were mostly employed in plantations, [60] mines and as bureaucrats. [59] Expanding trade led to the formation of the Borneo Company Limited in 1856. The company was involved in a wide range of businesses in Sarawak including trade, banking, agriculture, mineral exploration, and development. [61] Territorial expansion of the Raj of Sarawak from 1841 to 1905 played a significant role to the present-day boundaries of the modern state of Sarawak. Because of its natural resources, Sarawak specialises in the export of oil and gas, timber and palm oil, but also possesses strong manufacturing, energy and tourism sectors. It is ethnically, culturally, religiously and linguistically diverse; ethnic groups including Iban, Chinese, Malay, Bidayuh, Melanau, Orang Ulu, Indian, Eurasian and Kedayan. [19] English and Malay are the two official languages of the state; [20] [21] there is no official religion. [22] [23] Etymology [ edit ] The rhinoceros hornbill is the state bird of Sarawak. Main articles: List of schools in Sarawak and List of universities in Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) chancellory building Sarawak pepper combines the sweetness of these scents with the power of real pepper and offers good length in the mouth without overpowering other flavors. It is considered one of the best peppers in the world along with Kampot pepper.

There’s pepper and then there’s Sarawak pepper. Describing the taste is a bit like recounting the taste of a good wine. Since the 2006 state election, the Democractic Action Party (DAP) has derived the majority of its support from urban centres and became the largest opposition party in Sarawak. [110] In 2010, it formed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition with Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) and Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS); the latter two parties had become active in Sarawak between 1996 and 2001. [111] Sarawak is the only state in Malaysia where West Malaysia-based component parties in the BN coalition, especially the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), have not been active in state politics. [112] The Indians, predominantly the Tamils were brought by the British Government to work in estates as labourers and clerks. Besides, the Malayalee community too exist in the cities in Sarawak. Today, many among the Indians are known to be employed as professionals (mainly doctors) in Sarawak.R.S, Milne; K.J, Ratnam (2014). Malaysia: New States in a New Nation. Routledge. p.71. ISBN 978-1-135-16061-6 . Retrieved 14 November 2015. ...the major parties in each state fall quite neatly into three categories: native-non-Muslim, native-Muslim, and non-native.

Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore. 1963. p.1 – via Wikisource.

Ooi, Keat Gin. "Prelude to invasion: covert operations before the re-occupation of Northwest Borneo, 1944–45". Journal of the Australian War Memorial . Retrieved 3 November 2015. Urban populations consist predominantly of Malays, Melanaus, Chinese, and a small population of urban Ibans and Bidayuhs who migrated from their home villages seeking employment. [282] The latter two are among the more than 40 sub-ethnic groups of Sarawak, many of whom still inhabit remote areas and are referred to as Orang Asal. [283] The Orang Asal, and Malays, of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah are referred to collectively as Bumiputera (son of the soil). This classification grants them special privileges in education, jobs, finance, and political positions. [284] Cheng, Lian (7 April 2013). "Why Sarawak is electorally unique". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015 . Retrieved 12 January 2016. For this reason, Sarawak held its state and parliamentary elections separately – and has been adhering to the practice since 1979 whereas all the other states still hold the two elections concurrently (see Table). a b c d e Ooi, Keat Gin (2013). Post-war Borneo, 1945–50: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building. Routledge. p.7. ISBN 978-1-134-05803-7 . Retrieved 2 November 2015. However, in the decades following federation, restrictive laws and connections to businesses have meant that the media is a largely state-owned enterprise. [305] [note 14] One of the earliest known text publications in Borneo, Hikayat Panglima Nikosa (Story of Nikosa the Warrior), was first printed in Kuching, 1876. [336]