The Lesbian Fate in the Arab World

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Bendera Mesir: Simbol Identitas dan Kebanggaan Negara Sejarah Bendera MesirHello Sobat Ilyas, kali ini kita akan membahas tentang bendera Mesir. Sebagai sebuah negara yang kaya akan sejarah dan budaya, bendera Mesir juga memiliki cerita yang menarik. Bendera Mesir mulai digunakan pada masa Dinasti Muhammad Ali pada abad ke-19. Bendera tersebut berwarna merah dengan gambar bulan sabit dan… The trouble with this, according to Iman al-Ghafari, of Tishreen university in Syria, is that it turns lesbianism into ‘a political choice, a means of escaping relationships as decided and controlled by men,’ and fails to recognise that lesbians can exist in their own right. There is a difference, she says, ‘between lesbian desire that stems from the body and the one that stems from feminist politics’.

The lesbian couple, known by the pseudonyms ‘Fad’ and ‘Nanz’, sought asylum in the UK last year and now live safely in London.Relationships between women are described in The Princess in Search of Herself, [55] a piece of literature from either the Heian [56] :7,450 or Kamakura period. [57] :16 In it Chūjō is a lady-in-waiting for the High Priestess at Ise, and the two are romantically involved. Chūjō becomes angry and jealous when the high priestess abandons her to pursue a relationship with Kozaishō, another lady-in-waiting. [55] [57] :19 The text describes physical intimacy between women clearly, casting doubt on claims that female homosexuality was not present in early Japanese literature. [55]

a b Rowson, Everett K. (2006). "Homosexuality". In McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Vol.2. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp.444–445. doi: 10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00085. ISBN 90-04-14743-8. Wiseman, Andreas (5 May 2022). " 'Everything Everywhere All At Once'…Except In Parts Of The Middle East Where The Movie Has Been Banned". Deadline. Birdal, Mehmet Sinan (2020). "The State of Being LGBT in the Age of Reaction: Post-2011 Visibility and Repression in the Middle East and North Africa". In Bosia, Michael J.; McEvoy, Sandra M.; Rahman, Momin (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.16. ISBN 9780190673741.

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Ira M. Lapidus; Lena Salaymeh (2014). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp.361–362. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9. The attitudes toward homosexuality in the Ottoman Empire underwent a dramatic change during the 19th century. Before that time, Ottoman societal norms accepted homoerotic relations as normal, despite condemnation of homosexuality by religious scholars. The Ottoman Sultanic law ( qanun) tended to equalize the treatment of hetero- and homosexuals. Dream interpretation literature accepted homosexuality as natural, and karagoz, the principal character of popular puppet theater, engaged in both active and passive gay sex. However, in the 19th century, Ottoman society started to be influenced by European ideas about sexuality as well as the criticism leveled at the Ottoman society by European authors for its sexual and gender norms, including homosexuality. This criticism associated the weakness of the Ottoman state and corruption of the Ottoman government with Ottoman sexual corruption. By the 1850s, these ideas were prompting embarrassment and self-censorship among the Ottoman public regarding traditional attitudes toward sex in general and homosexuality in particular. Dream interpretation literature declined, the puppet theater was purged of its coarser elements, and homoeroticism began to be regarded as abnormal and shameful. a b Abusalim, Dorgham (March 13, 2018). "The Real Oppressors of Gaza's Gay Community: Hamas or Israel?". Institute of Palestine Studies. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023 . Retrieved November 1, 2023. Qatar safest country in world, Doha second safest city". Gulf-Times (in Arabic). 2022-01-26 . Retrieved 2022-06-13.

Klauda, Georg (8 December 2010). "Globalizing Homophobia". Monthly Review | MRZine (MR Online). Translated by Angelus Novus . Retrieved 29 August 2023.Felony – Article 520 of Syria's Penal Code criminalizes "unnatural sexual intercourse", and Article 517 punishes any crime "against public decency" occurring in public with a prison sentence varying from three months to three years. No Place for Gays in Yemen - Inter Press Service". Ipsnews.net. 16 August 2013 . Retrieved 17 December 2017. Hidup sebagai lesbian Arab juga berarti harus siap menghadapi diskriminasi di dunia kerja. Banyak dari mereka yang harus bersembunyi dan tidak bisa membuka diri secara terang-terangan. Namun, beberapa perusahaan sudah mulai membuka diri untuk menerima karyawan LGBT. Hal ini menjadi harapan bagi kaum lesbian Arab untuk bisa meraih kesempatan yang sama di dunia kerja. Lesbian Arab dan Kesehatan Mental Agama menjadi faktor penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Timur Tengah. Banyak dari masyarakat yang menganggap homoseksualitas bertentangan dengan ajaran agama. Namun, meskipun begitu, ada juga kaum lesbian Arab yang tetap menjalankan agama mereka dengan baik dan mencari cara untuk menyatukan kedua identitas tersebut. Peran Keluarga dalam Hidup Kaum Lesbian Arab Article 268 of the national penal code prohibits private consensual homosexual acts between adult men.The stipulated punishment in the law for unmarried men is 100 lashes and up to a year in prison. The law stipulates that married men convicted of homosexuality are to be put to death by stoning. Article 268 of the national penal code prohibits private consensual homosexual acts between adult women with a penalty of up to three years in prison. [83] [84] [82]

Arab and Muslim views of homosexuality as a purely "Western" creation have been explored in the film Dangerous Living: Coming Out in the Developing World. The starting line of the dialogue spoken by an as yet unseen gay Egyptian man stating "I was accused of being Westernized." [61] In a few places, like Egypt and Morocco, sexual orientation and gender identity issues have begun to enter the agendas of some mainstream human rights movements. Now, unlike in earlier years, there are lawyers to defend people when they are arrested, and voices to speak up in the press. These vital developments were not won through identity politics. Those have misfired disastrously as a way of claiming rights in much of the Middle East; the urge of some western LGBT activists to unearth and foster ‘gay’ politics in the region is potentially deeply counterproductive. Rather, the mainstreaming was won largely by framing the situations of LGBT (or otherwise-identified) people in terms of the rights violations, and protections, that existing human rights movements understand. (Human Rights Watch 2009, p. 18) [62] a b "Palestine". Human Dignity Trust. Archived from the original on October 31, 2023 . Retrieved November 1, 2023.

Punishment for lesbianism is one hundred lashes for each party,’ the Iranian penal code says. ‘If the act of lesbianism is repeated three times and punishment is enforced each time, [a] death sentence will be issued the fourth time.’ It adds that if two women who are not blood relations ‘stand naked under one cover without necessity’, they will be punished with up to 100 lashes. In one such story – Menstruation by the Syrian writer Ammar Abdulhamid – a married woman explains her many lesbian affairs with other married women: ‘It’s because they need a change, you see,’ she says. ‘Many of their men had the chance to fool around before marriage. But these women have only had the opportunity to do so after marriage.’ Keluarga menjadi faktor penting dalam hidup kaum lesbian Arab. Meskipun masih banyak keluarga yang menolak orientasi seksual anak mereka, tetapi ada juga yang mendukung dan menerima. Dukungan dari keluarga sangat penting bagi kaum lesbian Arab agar bisa merasa lebih aman dan nyaman dalam menjalani hidup mereka. Lesbian Arab di Dunia Kerja