PRIMARK ATMOSPHERE Handbag Shoulder Bag Black

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From 1990 to 2000, the United States NHTSA identified 175 fatalities caused by airbags. Most of these (104) have been children. About 3.3 million air-bag deployments have occurred during that interval, and the agency estimates more than 6,377 lives were saved and countless injuries were prevented. [138] [147] The Euro NCAP vehicle safety rating encourages manufacturers to take a comprehensive approach to occupant safety; a good rating can only be achieved by combining airbags with other safety features. [120] Almost every new car sold in Europe is equipped with front and side airbags, but in the European Union in 2020 [121] and in the United Kingdom, and most other developed countries there is no direct legal requirement for new cars to feature airbags. Mercedes began offering rear passengers protection in frontal collisions in September 2020 (for the 2021 model year) for the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W223). [61] The W223 S-Class is the first car equipped with rear seat airbags that use gas to inflate supporting structures that unfold and extend a bag that fills with ambient air, instead of conventional fully gas-inflated airbags that are widely used in automotive airbag systems. [62] [63] Side airbag [ edit ] Side airbag on a Porsche 996 inflated permanently for display purposes Deployed curtain airbag and side torso airbag in a Citroën C4

Herráez, Mario (13 September 2021). "¿Por qué un coche protege mejor en Europa que en Latinoamérica?"[Why does a car protect better in Europe than in Latin America?]. El Motor (in Spanish). Spain . Retrieved 24 July 2023. A chemical reaction produces a burst of nitrogen to inflate the bag. Once an airbag deploys, deflation begins immediately as the gas escapes through vent(s) in the fabric (or, as it is sometimes called, the cushion) and cools. Deployment is frequently accompanied by the release of dust-like particles, and gases in the vehicle's interior (called effluent). Most of this dust consists of cornstarch, french chalk, or talcum powder, which are used to lubricate the airbag during deployment. Rushe, Dominic (19 May 2015). "Air bag defect to trigger largest auto recall in US history". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016 . Retrieved 10 December 2016.

Modified and Controlled Atmosphere: Today’s Technologies

Another feature of the Toyota iQ was a seat-cushion airbag in the passenger seat to prevent the pelvis from diving below the lap belt during a frontal impact or submarining. [89] Later Toyota models such as the Yaris added the feature to the driver's seat, as well. Legislation passed in 1991 required driver and front passenger airbags for passenger vehicles offered for sale in the US after September 1997 and for other vehicles after September 1998. Pressler, Larry (2 March 1996). Air Bag Safety: Hearing Before the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportations US Senate 104 Congress 2nd session. DIANE. ISBN 9780788170676. Volvo V40". Euro NCAP. August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013 . Retrieved 16 March 2014. Microsoft Word - Sunset Brochure.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2005 . Retrieved 17 October 2010.

The aerospace industry and the United States government have applied airbag technologies for many years. NASA and United States Department of Defense have incorporated airbag systems in various aircraft and spacecraft applications as early as the 1960s. Government Mandates Safety". Popular Mechanics. Vol.173, no.5. May 1996. p.59 . Retrieved 5 November 2019. Feeney, Nolan (3 June 2014). "GM Disputes Report Tying Ignition Switch Problem to 74 Deaths". Time. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014 . Retrieved 4 June 2014. Sep 1, 1998: Federal legislation makes airbags mandatory". history.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014 . Retrieved 16 March 2014. When the frontal airbags are to deploy, a signal is sent to the inflator unit within the airbag control unit. An igniter starts a rapid chemical reaction generating primarily nitrogen gas (N 2) to fill the airbag making it deploy through the module cover. Some airbag technologies use compressed nitrogen or argon gas with a pyrotechnic operated valve ("hybrid gas generator"), while other technologies use various energetic propellants. Although propellants containing the highly toxic sodium azide (NaN 3) were common in early inflator designs, little to no toxic sodium azide has been found on used airbags.

Inventor of the Week: Archive". web.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009 . Retrieved 27 February 2010. Dual-chamber Side Airbags". 23 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 . Retrieved 26 January 2017. Phillips, David (31 October 2011). "Impalas' 1973 experimental airbags held up: Fleet customers tested 1,000 vehicles with cutting-edge technology". Automotive News . Retrieved 16 November 2017.

What You Need to Know About Air Bags, DOT HS 809 575". nhtsa.dot.gov. Archived from the original on 26 November 2009 . Retrieved 16 March 2014. Pedestrian Airbag Technology – a Production System" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2016 . Retrieved 4 July 2016.

The Ford inflatable seat belt: How it affects car seats and children". consumerreports.org. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Takata First to Commercialize Front Seat Safety "Airbelt" for Passenger Cars". us.aving.net/news (Press release). 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014 . Retrieved 11 April 2013. a b "Statistical Breakdown of Air Bag Fatalities". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008 . Retrieved 16 March 2014. Side airbags– these inflate from the doors of the car if the impact sensors detect a lateral, or side-on collision

Airbags are designed to deploy in frontal and near-frontal collisions more severe than a threshold defined by the regulations governing vehicle construction in whatever particular market the vehicle is intended for: United States regulations require deployment in crashes at least equivalent in deceleration to a 23km/h (14mph) barrier collision, or similarly, striking a parked car of similar size across the full front of each vehicle at about twice the speed. [113] International regulations are performance-based, rather than technology-based, so airbag deployment threshold is a function of overall vehicle design.Khan, Moin.S (10 September 2012). "Air Bags for Automobiles". Textile Learner. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012 . Retrieved 22 September 2016. Meier, Urs (2012). "1 Non Finito: challenges in rehabilitation". In Fardis, Michael N. (ed.). Innovative Materials and Techniques in Concrete Construction: ACES Workshop. Springer. p.12. ISBN 9789400719965 . Retrieved 16 March 2014.