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The z-score can be calculated by subtracting the population mean from the raw score, or data point in question (a test score, height, age, etc.), then dividing the difference by the population standard deviation: z = Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. "ζῆτα". An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020 . Retrieved July 23, 2016. The Greek form of Z was a close copy of the Phoenician Zayin ( ), and the Greek inscriptional form remained in this shape throughout ancient times. The Greeks called it zeta, a new name made in imitation of eta (η) and theta (θ). Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11 . Retrieved 2018-03-24. Everson, Michael; etal. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19 . Retrieved 2018-03-24.

x ˉ \bar x x ˉ is the sample mean, i.e., x ˉ = ( x 1 + . . . + x n ) / n \bar x = (x_1 + ... + x_n) / n x ˉ = ( x 1 ​ + ... + x n ​ ) / n; Please provide any one value to convert between z-score and probability. This is the equivalent of referencing a z-table. Z-score, Zeach value in the table is the area between z = 0 and the z-score of the given value, which represents the probability that a data point will lie within the referenced region in the standard normal distribution. Z with hook, used for writing Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s [14] z가 e, i 앞에 올 경우 c로 바꿔서 쓴다. 그리고 스페인어권의 성씨 중에 '-ez'로 끝나는 경우가 종종 보인다. Suarez, Alvarez, Perez, Fernandez, Gonzalez 등이며, '누구누구의 아들'이라는 의미이다. Among non-European languages that have adopted the Latin alphabet, ⟨z⟩ usually stands for [z], such as in Azerbaijani, Igbo, Indonesian, Shona, Swahili, Tatar, Turkish, and Zulu. ⟨z⟩ represents [ d͡z] in Northern Sami and Inari Sami. In Turkmen, ⟨z⟩ represents [ ð].

A graphical variant of ⟨z⟩ is ⟨ ʒ⟩, which has been adopted into the International Phonetic Alphabet as the sign for the voiced postalveolar fricative. The Etruscan letter Z was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, most probably through the Greek alphabet used on the island of Ischia. In Etruscan, this letter may have represented / ts/.

7-letter words that start with z

The z-score, also referred to as standard score, z-value, and normal score, among other things, is a dimensionless quantity that is used to indicate the signed, fractional, number of standard deviations by which an event is above the mean value being measured. Values above the mean have positive z-scores, while values below the mean have negative z-scores. Before the reintroduction of z, the sound of zeta was written s at the beginning of words and ss in the middle of words, as in sōna for ζώνη "belt" and trapessita for τραπεζίτης "banker".

One early use of "zee": Lye, Thomas (1969) [2nd ed., London, 1677]. A new spelling book, 1677. Menston, (Yorkshire) Scolar Press. p. 24. LCCN 70407159. Zee Za-cha-ry, Zion, zeal Ivan Kuliak: Why has 'Z' become a Russian pro-war symbol?". BBC News. 2022-03-07 . Retrieved 2022-03-07.

2-letter words that start with z

Few words in the Basic English vocabulary begin or end with ⟨z⟩, though it occurs within other words. It is the least frequently used letter in written English, [9] with a frequency of about 0.08% in words. Why has the letter Z become the symbol of war for Russia?". The Guardian. 2022-03-07 . Retrieved 2022-03-07. In earlier Greek of Athens and Northwest Greece, the letter seems to have represented / dz/; in Attic, from the 4th century BC onwards, it seems to have stood for /zd/ and / dz/ – there is no consensus concerning this issue. [4] In other dialects, such as Elean and Cretan, the symbol seems to have been used for sounds resembling the English voiced and voiceless th (IPA / ð/ and / θ/, respectively). In the common dialect ( koine) that succeeded the older dialects, ζ became / z/, as it remains in modern Greek. z⟩ is more common in the Oxford spelling of British English than in standard British English, as this variant prefers the more etymologically 'correct' -ize endings, which are closer to Greek, to -ise endings, which are closer to French; however, -yse is preferred over -yze in Oxford spelling, as it is closer to the original Greek roots of words like analyse. The most common variety of English it is used in is American English, which prefers both the -ize and -yze endings. One native Germanic English word that contains 'z', freeze (past froze, participle frozen) came to be spelled that way by convention, even though it could have been spelled with 's' (as with choose, chose and chosen). In earlier times, the English alphabets used by children terminated not with Z but with & or related typographic symbols. [7] In her 1859 novel Adam Bede, George Eliot refers to Z being followed by & when her character Jacob Storey says, "He thought it [Z] had only been put to finish off th' alphabet like; though ampusand would ha' done as well, for what he could see." [8]

In chemistry, the letter Z is used to denote the Atomic number of an element (number of protons), such as Z=3 for Lithium. Z, or z, is the 26th and last letter of the Latin alphabet, as used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its usual names in English are zed ( / ˈ z ɛ d/) and zee ( / ˈ z iː/), with an occasional archaic variant izzard ( / ˈ ɪ z ər d/). [1] Name and pronunciation [ edit ] On the QWERTZ keyboard used in Central Europe the Z replaces the Y of the standard US/UK QWERTY keyboard as the sixth letter of the first row. Z has been used by the Russian Armed Forces as an identifying symbol on its military vehicles, during Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Russian civilians have used the symbol to express support for the invasion. [11] [12]In some inscriptions, z represented a Vulgar Latin sound, likely an affricate, formed by the merging of the reflexes of Classical Latin / j/, /dj/ and /gj/: [ example needed] for example, zanuariu for ianuariu "January", ziaconus for diaconus "deacon", and oze for hodie "today". [5] Likewise, /di/ sometimes replaced / z/ in words like baptidiare for baptizare "to baptize". In modern Italian, z represents / ts/ or / dz/, whereas the reflexes of ianuarius and hodie are written with the letter g (representing /dʒ/ when before i and e): gennaio, oggi. In other languages, such as Spanish, further evolution of the sound occurred. Castilian Spanish uses the letter to represent / θ/ (as English ⟨th⟩ in thing), though in other dialects ( Latin American, Andalusian) this sound has merged with / s/. Before voiced consonants, the sound is voiced to [ ð] or [ z], sometimes debbucalized to [ ɦ] (as in the surname Guzmán [ɡuðˈman], [ɡuzˈman] or [ɡuɦˈman]). This is the only context in which ⟨z⟩ can represent a voiced sibilant [ z] in Spanish, though ⟨s⟩ also represents [ z] (or [ ɦ], depending on the dialect) in this environment. For example, referencing the right-tail z-table above, a data point with a z-score of 1.12 corresponds to an area of 0.36864 (row 13, column 4). This means that for a normally distributed population, there is a 36.864% chance, a data point will have a z-score between 0 and 1.12.