The Big Bang Theory: The Complete Series [DVD] [2007]

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Cuoco Sweeting: I love being in Penny’s apartment. Being in the kitchen, drinking wine, feels like what I do at home.

Big Bang Theory: Behind-the-Scenes Set Photos and Videos The Big Bang Theory: Behind-the-Scenes Set Photos and Videos

It's not impossible, so I think there's still certainly research that needs to be done. But most models of inflation do lead to a multiverse, and evidence for inflation will be pushing us in the direction of taking [the idea of a] multiverse seriously."Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.; Majumdar, Subhabrata; etal. (20 January 2007). "Cosmological Constraints from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 655 (1): 128–134. arXiv: astro-ph/0603588. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...655..128G. doi: 10.1086/509909. S2CID 10855653. The magnetic monopole objection was raised in the late 1970s. Grand unified theories (GUTs) predicted topological defects in space that would manifest as magnetic monopoles. These objects would be produced efficiently in the hot early universe, resulting in a density much higher than is consistent with observations, given that no monopoles have been found. This problem is resolved by cosmic inflation, which removes all point defects from the observable universe, in the same way that it drives the geometry to flatness. [131] Flatness problem The overall geometry of the universe is determined by whether the Omega cosmological parameter is less than, equal to or greater than 1. Shown from top to bottom are a closed universe with positive curvature, a hyperbolic universe with negative curvature and a flat universe with zero curvature. If the world has begun with a single quantum, the notions of space and time would altogether fail to have any meaning at the beginning; they would only begin to have a sensible meaning when the original quantum had been divided into a sufficient number of quanta. If this suggestion is correct, the beginning of the world happened a little before the beginning of space and time. [67] The prediction that the CMB temperature was higher in the past has been experimentally supported by observations of very low temperature absorption lines in gas clouds at high redshift. [115] This prediction also implies that the amplitude of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect in clusters of galaxies does not depend directly on redshift. Observations have found this to be roughly true, but this effect depends on cluster properties that do change with cosmic time, making precise measurements difficult. [116] [117] Future observations a b Friedman, Alexander (December 1922). "Über die Krümmung des Raumes". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 10 (1): 377–386. Bibcode: 1922ZPhy...10..377F. doi: 10.1007/BF01332580. S2CID 125190902.

The Big Bang Theory: The Complete Series (Limited Edition Blu

a b c Spergel, David N.; Bean, Rachel; Doré, Olivier; etal. (June 2007). "Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 170 (2): 377–408. arXiv: astro-ph/0603449. Bibcode: 2007ApJS..170..377S. doi: 10.1086/513700. S2CID 1386346. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle predicts that during the inflationary phase there would be quantum thermal fluctuations, which would be magnified to a cosmic scale. These fluctuations served as the seeds for all the current structures in the universe. [102] :207 Inflation predicts that the primordial fluctuations are nearly scale invariant and Gaussian, which has been confirmed by measurements of the CMB. [82] :sec 6 Emam, Moataz (2021). Covariant Physics: From Classical Mechanics to General Relativity and Beyond. Oxford University Press. pp.208–246. ISBN 978-0-19-886489-9. The term "Big Bang" is an unfortunate misnomer. It implies an "explosion," and explosions are events that happen in space. This is incorrect; the term describes the first instant in the expansion of space itself. Some would even interpret it as the very beginning of the universe, evolving from "nothing." It is hard to imagine exactly what it was, but an explosion it most definitely wasn't. The universe is not only expanding, but expanding faster. This means that with time, nobody will be able to spot other galaxies from Earth or any other vantage point within our galaxy. I was constantly striving over the radio – where I had no visual aids, nothing except the spoken word – for visual images. And that seemed to be one way of distinguishing between the steady-state and the explosive big bang. And so that was the language I used." [43] [49]As a description of the origin of the universe, the Big Bang has significant bearing on religion and philosophy. [159] [160] As a result, it has become one of the liveliest areas in the discourse between science and religion. [161] Some believe the Big Bang implies a creator, [162] [163] while others argue that Big Bang cosmology makes the notion of a creator superfluous. [160] [164] See also

The Big Bang Theory (TV Series 2007–2019) - IMDb The Big Bang Theory (TV Series 2007–2019) - IMDb

Emergent Universe models, which feature a low-activity past-eternal era before the Big Bang, resembling ancient ideas of a cosmic egg and birth of the world out of primordial chaos. Turyshev, Slava G. (November 2008). "Experimental Tests of General Relativity". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 58 (1): 207–248. arXiv: 0806.1731. Bibcode: 2008ARNPS..58..207T. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839. S2CID 119199160. a b Bunn, E. F.; Hogg, D. W. (2009). "The kinematic origin of the cosmological redshift". American Journal of Physics. 77 (8): 688–694. arXiv: 0808.1081. Bibcode: 2009AmJPh..77..688B. doi: 10.1119/1.3129103. S2CID 1365918.Slipher, Vesto M. (1913). "The Radial Velocity of the Andromeda Nebula". Lowell Observatory Bulletin. 1 (8): 56–57. Bibcode: 1913LowOB...2...56S. Enqvist, K.; Sirkka, J. (September 1993). "Chemical equilibrium in QCD gas in the early universe". Physics Letters B. 314 (3–4): 298–302. arXiv: hep-ph/9304273. Bibcode: 1993PhLB..314..298E. doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(93)91239-J. S2CID 119406262. Hawking, Stephen W.; Penrose, Roger (27 January 1970). "The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 314 (1519): 529–548. Bibcode: 1970RSPSA.314..529H. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1970.0021. Eternal inflation, in which universal inflation ends locally here and there in a random fashion, each end-point leading to a bubble universe, expanding from its own big bang. [154] [155]