Bearwolf and Fidget: The first of seven stories in 'The Adventures of Bearwolf'

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Greenblatt, Stephen; Abrams, Meyer Howard, eds. (2006). The Norton Anthology of English Literature 8 (8thed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 29. ISBN 978-0393928303. a b Crowne, D. K. (1960). "The Hero on the Beach: An Example of Composition by Theme in Anglo-Saxon Poetry". Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 61. Otter, Monika. "Vokalität: Altenglische Dichtung zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit"[Vocality: Old English Poetry between Orality and Script]. Bryn Mawr Classical Review (9404) . Retrieved 19 April 2010.

KS2 History: The Anglo-Saxons. 4: Beowulf - Part one - BBC

Hrothgar: Today I name this great hall Heorot. Tonight there will be a feast. It will be the first of many to be held in our fine new building. All are welcome! Gardner, Thomas (1973). "How Free Was the Beowulf Poet?". Modern Philology. 71 (2): 111–127. doi: 10.1086/390461. S2CID 161829597. Andersson, Theodore M. (1998). Bjork, Robert E.; Niles, John D. (eds.). Sources and Analogues. pp.125–148. ISBN 978-0803261501. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) online text (digitised from Elliott van Kirk Dobbie (ed.), Beowulf and Judith, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 4 (New York, 1953))Main article: The dragon (Beowulf) Wiglaf is the single warrior to return and witness Beowulf's death. Illustration by J. R. Skelton, 1908

KS2 English: Beowulf - BBC Teach

Shippey, Tom (2005) [1982]. The Road to Middle-Earth (Thirded.). HarperCollins. p.259. ISBN 978-0261102750. Bolton, W. F. (1985). "A Poetic Formula in "Beowulf" and Seven Other Old English Poems: A Computer Study". Computers and the Humanities. 19 (3): 167–173. doi: 10.1007/BF02259532. S2CID 10330641. The poet had a choice of formulae to assist in fulfilling the alliteration scheme. These were memorised phrases that conveyed a general and commonly-occurring meaning that fitted neatly into a half-line of the chanted poem. Examples are line 8's weox under wolcnum ("waxed under welkin", i.e. "he grew up under the heavens"), line 11's gomban gyldan ("pay tribute"), line 13's geong in geardum ("young in the yards", i.e. "young in the courts"), and line 14's folce to frofre ("as a comfort to his people"). [148] [149] [150] Schulman, Jana K.; Szarmach, Paul E. (2012). "Introduction". In Schulman, Jana K.; Szarmach, Paul E. (eds.). Beowulf and Kalamazoo. Medieval Institute. pp.1–11. ISBN 978-1-58044-152-0. Beowulf survived to modern times in a single manuscript, written in ink on parchment, later damaged by fire. The manuscript measures 245 × 185mm. [62] Provenance [ edit ]

In the Mabinogion, Teyrnon discovers the otherworldly boy child Pryderi, the principal character of the cycle, after cutting off the arm of a monstrous beast which is stealing foals from his stables. [136] The medievalist R. Mark Scowcroft notes that the tearing off of the monster's arm without a weapon is found only in Beowulf and fifteen of the Irish variants of the tale; he identifies twelve parallels between the tale and Beowulf. [137] Scowcroft's "Hand and Child" parallels in Beowulf [137] "Hand and Child" Nicholson, Lewis E., ed. (1963). An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism. University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-00006-6.

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Beowulf is one of the most important texts in Old English and is believed to date from somewhere between 975 and 1025 - around the time of Alfred the Great. The author is unknown. Google Inc. will also transfer this information to third parties insofar as this is a legal requirement or if third parties are commissioned to process this data on Google’s behalf. a b c Foley, John M. Oral-Formulaic Theory and Research: An Introduction and Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1985. p. 126 a b Swanton, Michael (1997). Beowulf: Revised Edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p.2. ISBN 978-0719051463. The poem was first transcribed in 1786; some verses were first translated into modern English in 1805, and nine complete translations were made in the 19th century, including those by John Mitchell Kemble and William Morris.Main articles: Translating Beowulf, List of translations of Beowulf, and List of adaptations of Beowulf Tuso, Joseph F. (1985). "Beowulf's Dialectal Vocabulary and the Kiernan Theory". South Central Review. 2 (2): 1–9. doi: 10.2307/3189145. JSTOR 3189145. The history of modern Beowulf criticism is often said to begin with Tolkien, [152] author and Merton Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford, who in his 1936 lecture to the British Academy criticised his contemporaries' excessive interest in its historical implications. [153] He noted in Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics that as a result the poem's literary value had been largely overlooked, and argued that the poem "is in fact so interesting as poetry, in places poetry so powerful, that this quite overshadows the historical content..." [154] Tolkien argued that the poem is not an epic; that, while no conventional term exactly fits, the nearest would be elegy; and that its focus is the concluding dirge. [155] Paganism and Christianity [ edit ]

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Weiskott, Eric (2013). "Phantom Syllables in the English Alliterative Tradition". Modern Philology. 110 (4): 441–58. doi: 10.1086/669478. S2CID 161824823. The significance of the term lies in the fact that, for most of his life, Luther held that no subject could actively resist his secular ruler, an issue of obvious significance in a time when many rulers in the German lands and their respective subjects held competing religious beliefs. The concept of Beerwolf marked Luther's final, and most extreme, position on resistance theory, as it relied on natural law (specifically, in a similar manner to what would later be called Hobbes' right to self-preservation) instead of earlier and more limited rights to resistance that Luther had accepted as flowing from German constitutional law. [4] a b c Urbanowicz, Michal (2013). "The Functions of Digressions in Beowulf" (PDF). Acta Neophilologica. 15 (2): 213–223. ISSN 1509-1619. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Magennis, Hugh (2011). Translating Beowulf: modern versions in English verse. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-394-8. The Danes and Geats celebrate their victory not knowing that Grendel’s mother is also about to terrorise Heorot, seeking vengeance for the death of her son. She enters Heorot, seizes Hrothgar's oldest friend and makes away with the severed arm of Grendel.For instance, by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf, [87] a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf. Storyteller: That night Grendel did return. The fighting men of Heorot could hear the monster as he came closer and closer. There was a moment of silence, then suddenly - Grady, Constance (27 August 2020). "This new translation of Beowulf brings the poem to profane, funny, hot-blooded life". Vox . Retrieved 29 November 2020.