Taboo Fantasies: Teaching Annie

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Change the plan you will roll onto at any time during your trial by visiting the “Settings & Account” section. What happens at the end of my trial? Growing up in a socially divided environment meant Ernaux felt ashamed of the supposedly distasteful aspects of her upbringing, such as the working-class environment of her father’s cafe or her mother’s shirking of the norms of middle-class housewifery and femininity, which she writes about in A Frozen Woman.

Annie Ernaux wins Nobel literature prize French author Annie Ernaux wins Nobel literature prize

But she has also been asked many times in promoting the film if it espouses a “female gaze”, a term that has been popularised in French cinema over the past few years, in part thanks to the work of the French writer and scholar Iris Brey. Her book Le regard féminin ( The Female Gaze, 2020) built on a tradition of feminist film theory to offer a mode by which a film could be understood, or not, to enact a female point of view, “a gaze,” as Brey wrote, “that allows us to share the lived experience of a female body onscreen”. The past few years, some (by no means all) in the French film world have taken to heart the lessons of #MeToo, and thought critically about what role women play in the cinema, onscreen and off. This led to the founding of Le Collectif 50/50, which militates for equality of representation and compensation within the industry. Diwan was one of the first signatories when the group was launched, and when she made Happening, she assembled a team of mainly female crew members around her. These things happened to me so that I might recount them,” Ernaux continued. “Maybe the true purpose of my life is for my body, my sensations and my thoughts to become writing, in other words, something intelligible and universal, causing my existence to merge into the lives and heads of other people.” And then, perhaps, to become celluloid images projected into a dark theatre, or pixels on a small rectangular screen that hasn’t yet been invented, adapted by a woman who hasn’t yet been born, merging into the lives and heads of those who live in a world where some can and have had legal abortions, and where millions of others still cannot. But films have a visual power that books usually do not. There is one scene in particular that Ernaux and Diwan both refer to that I can’t describe here because it would ruin the taut suspense of the story and undermine Diwan’s carefully paced work. In describing what was at stake for Diwan filming that scene, Ernaux told me, “it was important to dare to confront the viewer with an unbearable image… I did it in my book, but I knew it would be a more difficult proposition to do it in the film. Audrey didn’t hesitate, and she pulled it off.”

Prose

It’s cheering to see Ernaux’s genius and her fearlessness acclaimed by the Nobel committee. The daughter of parents who owned a cafe-cum-grocery shop, she has something in common with Elena Ferrante in her reflections on social class and education and the gulfs they can create. Her work echoes the experiences of many women of her generation who sought liberation through learning and creativity. We are made of words, she told one interviewer (in French); they travel through us. That is how it feels to read her, too. Her first three novels, Cleaned Out, Do What They Say or Else and A Frozen Woman, form a trilogy of autobiographical novels. These works broadly detail the socialisation of a working-class girl who has a middle-class education and then marriage. Her protagonist is a woman who, like so many of Ernaux’s readers, identifies as a “ class defector”. There are more oblique references to the time as well. At the lunch table, the girls debate Camus versus Sartre, “a question of the gaze”. In their literature lecture, the professor reads a poem by Louis Aragon called “Elsa au miroir” (Elsa at Her Mirror), about his wife, Elsa Triolet, “combing her golden hair, as if she enjoyed tormenting her memory”. Anne is called on to give her reading of the poem. “He uses a lover’s drama to evoke a national one. It’s a political poem. For me they’re war references. In 1942, when the poem was published, Elsa Triolet and Aragon were communists. So I think they both hope for a patriotic awakening.” With this reading, Anne reframes what seems like a private concern as a public one.

Annie Ernaux and writing from Nobel prize in literature: Annie Ernaux and writing from

ALLURE: In the past 10 years, mainstream pornography has lost the beauty of filmmaking and eroticism. It’s all videos showing body parts. We lost the idea of actually seeing people have sex, which is really about connection, right? But I don’t think any woman would have made the same film. The gaze is complex, and gender is only one part of it,” she says. Diwan stays close to Anne’s perspective; we spend much of the film looking directly over Vartolomei’s shoulder. The feeling of closeness, almost of claustrophobia, is emphasised by Diwan’s decision to film in a nearly square format (using a 1.37:1 aspect ratio) rather than a more conventional widescreen format. “The idea was to focus on her body and not the setting. I asked myself: how can I film this so that we’re not watching Anne, but rather become her?” E.L.: Yes, after other people dying around them, even. Annie lost two partners to cancer. She and John met five years ago, so they’re still a new couple, in a way. When you see people of that age, you tend to assume that they've been together for a long time. But no — later on in life, you can have other experiences with new people and evolve, sexually and as human beings.E.L.: Exactly. That's not at all what I wanted to do. I just wanted to make an honest movie showing two people and their wonderful relationship. John and Annie’s concept of "soul sex" is such a powerful message. It’s really about the importance, for a long-lasting couple, of touching each other every day. When we stop doing that, we stop desiring each other, and we stop having this special relationship. It’s a powerful approach, especially in this world we live in, where everything is so fast and furious. "Four minutes! Bam! Bam! Bam! Go! Go! Go!" Through the lens of mainstream pornography, sex has become something so aggressive. It's only about hard penetration. Diwan chose not to integrate these present-day reflections, in a voiceover for instance. “If I had included the author looking in the rearview mirror I would have confined this film to the past,” she said. And in her adaptation, Diwan tells me, it was important that Happening not feel like an artefact.

‘We are made of words’: the radically intimate writing of

In terms of the film’s cinematography, Diwan wanted to give a sense of the era without recreating it mimetically. “I asked the art director to create [a version of] the 1960s that would go unnoticed. The costumer was tasked with representing a certain social class without pointing it out. For example all the working-class students were very restricted in terms of what they wore – Annie [Ernaux] told me that – they each have three outfits, all that would fit in the kind of small leather suitcase they would have brought from home to university. If you do nothing, you will be auto-enrolled in our premium digital monthly subscription plan and retain complete access for 65 € per month. E.L.: I definitely made this film with the intention to arouse, because that's what I do. It's just another kind of arousal than what we are used to. Most of the XConfessions stories are fictional, but lately, I've been making films in which we get to know real couples and we get to see the kind of sex they have in their ordinary lives. The idea is that these documentaries will show you different ideas around sex, because I think that people — we have so many questions.

Flat writing

Anamaria Vartolomei, left, and Sandrine Bonnaire in Happening. Photograph: Courtesy of IFC Films. An IFC Fi/AP The Years is her masterwork as far as this technique is concerned. It is a book that manages to be both an intimate history and a grand, sweeping one. It is the chronicle of an entire generation told through the subjectivity of just one woman’s body and mind. If the modernists gave us stream of consciousness, Ernaux gives us a kind of merging of that individual consciousness into a profound, unified collectivism. To read, for example, Simple Passion is to bear witness to a doomed love affair between two people at a certain point in history. But it is also to feel that thwarted desire, that rejection and desperation ourselves. A more abject book about love has never been written – which makes it sound downbeat, but it isn’t, it’s effervescent. I have rid myself of the only feeling of guilt in connection with this event: the fact that it had happened to me and I had done nothing about it. A sort of discarded present. Among all the social and psychological reasons that may account for my past, of one I am certain: these things happened to me so that I might recount them. Maybe the true purpose of my life is for my body, my sensations and my thoughts to become writing, in other words, something intelligible and universal, causing my existence to merge into the lives and heads of other people. Excerpted from Happening by Annie Ernaux,

Annie Ernaux – Prose - NobelPrize.org Annie Ernaux – Prose - NobelPrize.org

This neutral way of writing comes to me naturally, it is the very same style I used when I wrote home telling my parents the latest news. That desire to give voice to marginalised experiences is further illustrated in two of her “external diaries”, Exteriors and Things Seen, which record the everyday exchanges of people in outside spaces such as the supermarket or when commuting on the Paris metro.

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This approach to writing is underpinned by a mission. Ernaux believes that writing about the self inevitably involves writing about a socio-political context, and thereby extends the representativeness of her own experience. By writing simply about her own experiences, she also wants to write into literature the collective experience of the French working-class.