Pre-injection Alco Swabs, Pack of 100

Product Information

Follow-up telephone surveys were available for 99% (168/170) on Day 1, 99% (168/170) on Day 5, and 94% (160/170) on Day 14 postvaccination In view of the wide range of uses of chemicals and apparatus, the customer will be solely responsible for determining the suitability and specification of products, services, information and advice for its purposes. All intellectual property rights arising out of or in connection with the services shall be owned by VWR. Termination These terms and conditions cover all sales of products and services by VWR International Ltd (VWR) in the United Kingdom and any information and advice given whether charged for or not, unless otherwise agreed by VWR in writing. These terms and conditions apply to the exclusion of any other terms submitted by the customer or which are implied by any trade, custom, practice or course of dealing. Customer Accounts Any additional or special terms included by VWR in its written acceptance shall form part of the contract. The terms and conditions of the contract apply equally to the supply of both products and services except where application to one or the other is specified.

VWR shall provide services to the customer in accordance with the specification agreed between them from time to time. Such services will be provided with all reasonable care and skill.VWR may at any time, without limiting any other rights and remedies that it may have, set off any amount owing to it by the customer under the contract against any amount payable by VWR to the customer (whether under the contract or a separate agreement). Delivery

Authorisation to return products damaged during delivery must be requested within 3 days of delivery. VWR has the right to repair and return damaged products. This is the first RCT to specifically examine the effect of alcohol swab skin cleansing on the incidence of local skin reactions and infection in children undergoing vaccine injections. We found no evidence of a difference in the rate of local skin reactions and no cases of cellulitis or infectious abscess when alcohol swabs were and were not used” (pp997) The customer is responsible for unloading and transporting large and/or heavy items from delivery vans and for supervising the unloading of all other products delivered. Evidence from the randomized-controlled trial suggested that alcohol swabbing does not reduce local skin reactions prior to vaccination. The study had reasonable attempts at blinding where possible and described the main outcomes, recruitment process and overall results. There were no statistically significant differences between the alcohol swab group and control group for delayed pain, redness, swelling and warmth to touch while there were no reported cases of cellulitis and infectious abscesses. Post-hoc analysis showed that the duration of pain was statistically significantly higher in the alcohol swab group compared to the control group although the clinical significance of this outcome not discussed by the authors. The study was underpowered to detect differences in the primary outcome of skin infection and instead focused on the differences of local skin reaction between groups. Therefore, the study did not answer the primary outcome and a larger sample size is needed to detect whether alcohol swabbing does reduce the risk of infection. While the authors report that this is one of the first studies to report on the effectiveness of alcohol swabbing prior to vaccinations, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from a single trial. 8 VWR shall under no circumstances whatsoever be liable to the customer (whether in contract, tort (including negligence), breach of statutory duty or otherwise), for any loss of profit, or any indirect or consequential loss arising in connection with the supply of products under this contract; andSubject to the aforementioned limitations, the views expressed herein are those of CADTH and do not necessarily represent the views of Canada’s federal, provincial, or territorial governments or any third party supplier of information. CADTH is not responsible for any errors, omissions, injury, loss, or damage arising from or relating to the use (or misuse) of any information, statements, or conclusions contained in or implied by the contents of this document or any of the source materials. Price on application’ (POA) quotations and all other quotations do not constitute offers and will be valid for 30 days from the date of the quotation, unless otherwise notified by VWR.

Exclusion criteria: Children were excluded if a parent was not fluent in English or was unavailable for the 15 days post vaccination follow-up period, previously participated in the study, documented allergy to isopropyl alcohol, taking antibiotics or had a contraindication to vaccination. If VWR’s performance of the services is prevented or delayed by any act or omission of the customer, VWR shall without limiting its other rights or remedies, have the right to suspend performance of the services until the customer remedies the position and VWR shall not be liable for any losses or costs arising from such delay. Health, Safety and LiabilityWhile care has been taken to ensure that the information prepared by CADTH in this document is accurate, complete, and up-to-date as at the applicable date the material was first published by CADTH, CADTH does not make any guarantees to that effect. CADTH does not guarantee and is not responsible for the quality, currency, propriety, accuracy, or reasonableness of any statements, information, or conclusions contained in any third-party materials used in preparing this document. The views and opinions of third parties published in this document do not necessarily state or reflect those of CADTH. Inclusion criteria: Healthy children aged zero to 18 years who qualified for vaccination in accordance with the Ontario Immunization Schedule were eligible. This document is prepared and intended for use in the context of the Canadian health care system. The use of this document outside of Canada is done so at the user’s own risk. One randomized controlled trial was included in this report comparing skin preparation to no skin preparation prior to injection. No relevant cost-effectiveness studies or evidence-based guidelines were identified regarding preparing the skin for injection.

Various health organizations including the WHO, United Kingdom’s Department of Health, and Australia’s Department of Health have stated that if the skin is visibly clean, disinfecting the skin (or alcohol swabbing) is not necessary and does not reduce infection. To the contrary, the Public Health Agency of Canada advises the practice of cleaning the skin with a suitable antiseptic solution prior to vaccination or injection. Hence, there is ongoing debate whether the continued use of alcohol swabbing is clinically necessary and effective for routine injections or vaccinations. the total liability of VWR for any loss or damage suffered by a customer in connection with the supply of the products under this contract is limited to the invoice price of the products in relation to which loss or damage is claimed. The purpose of this report is to summarize the evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of skin preparation prior to injections. Evidence-based guidelines regarding preparing the skin for injection will also be sought.Customers who exceed their credit limits will be asked to pay in advance for additional products and/or services until the account is settled.