Romans at War: The Roman Military in the Republic and Empire

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A remarkable sculpture of Mithras found on Hadrian’s Wall reveals religious and military connections with distant parts of the Roman Empire. Battle of Arles - Visigothic king Euric defeated the Roman general Anthemiolus, captured Arles and much of southern Gaul Siege of Asti (402) – Visigoths besieged Western Emperor Honorius in Asti until March, when Stilicho sent reinforcements . BC - Battle of Vercellae – Romans under Gaius Marius defeat the Cimbri, who are entirely annihilated.

Caesar defeated the Helvetii in 58 BC at the Battle of the Arar and Battle of Bibracte, [210] the Belgic confederacy known as the Belgae at the Battle of the Axona, [201] [206] the Nervii in 57 BC at the Battle of the Sabis, [201] [211] the Aquitani, Treviri, Tencteri, Aedui and Eburones in unknown battles, [206] and the Veneti in 56 BC. [206] In 55 and 54 BC he made two expeditions to Britain. [206] [212] In 52 BC, following the Siege of Avaricum and a string of inconclusive battles, [213] Caesar defeated a union of Gauls led by Vercingetorix [214] at the Battle of Alesia, [215] [216] completing the Roman conquest of Transalpine Gaul. By 50 BC, the entirety of Gaul lay in Roman hands. [215] Caesar recorded his own accounts of these campaigns in Commentarii de Bello Gallico ("Commentaries on the Gallic War").the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC), after which Macedonian territory was divided in four client republics BC – Siege of Rhodes – Mithridates fails to capture Rhodes, defended by the proconsul Lucius Cassius. Dacian King Decebalus crushes the Roman army at Tapae (today Transylvania, Romania), Legio V Alaudae and general Cornelius Fuscus perish in battle. Summer – Battle of Abrittus – Goths defeat and kill the Roman Emperors Decius and Herennius Etruscus

Rome’s success was built on the organised and practical application of ideas long known to the ancient world.Siege of Rome - Ricimer, having fallen out with his choice for Roman Emperor, allied with the Burgundians and Germans under Odoacer, defeated and killed the Western Roman Emperor Anthemius. In 144 BC, Viriathus formed a league against Rome with several Celtiberian tribes [133] and persuaded them to rise against Rome too, in the Second Numantine War. [134] Viriathus' new coalition bested Roman armies at the Second Battle of Mount Venus in 144 BC and again at the failed Siege of Erisone. [134] In 139 BC, Viriathus was finally killed in his sleep by three of his companions who had been promised gifts by Rome. [135] In 136 and 135 BC, more attempts were made to gain complete control of the region of Numantia, but they failed. In 134 BC, the Consul Scipio Aemilianus finally succeeded in suppressing the rebellion following the successful Siege of Numantia. [136] BC – Battle of Asculum – Pyrrhus again defeats the Romans but once again suffers significant casualties in the process. Viriathus leads the Lusitani to a second victory against a Roman army, capturing Segobriga in Spain.