Landwhale: On Turning Insults Into Nicknames, Why Body Image Is Hard, and How Diets Can Kiss My Ass

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Funeral for a Whale held at Apam". GhanaWeb. Ghana News Agency. 10 August 2005 . Retrieved 15 April 2011. Blue whale calls recorded off Sri Lanka have a three‐unit phrase. The first unit is a 19.8 to 43.5Hz pulsive call, and is normally 17.9 ± 5.2 seconds long. The second unit is a 55.9 to 72.4Hz FM upsweep that is 13.8 ± 1.1 seconds long. The final unit is 28.5 ± 1.6 seconds long with a tone of 108 to 104.7Hz. [95] A blue whale call recorded off Madagascar, a two‐unit phrase, [96] consists of 5–7 pulses with a center frequency of 35.1 ± 0.7Hz lasting 4.4 ± 0.5 seconds proceeding a 35 ± 0Hz tone that is 10.9 ± 1.1 seconds long. [95] In the Southern Ocean, blue whales produce 18-second vocals which start with a 9-second-long, 27Hz tone, and then a 1-second downsweep to 19Hz, followed by a downsweep further to 18Hz. [97] [98] Other vocalizations include 1–4 second long, frequency-modulated calls with a frequency of 80 and 38Hz. [98] [99] Norena, S. R.; Williams, T. M. (2000). "Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 126 (2): 181–191. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00182-3. PMID 10936758.

a b c Branch, T. A.; Abubaker, E. M. N.; Mkango, S.; Butterworth, D. S. (2007). "Separating southern blue whale subspecies based on length frequencies of sexually mature females". Marine Mammal Science. 23 (4): 803–833. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00137.x.

a b c d e f g h i j k l Sears, R.; Perrin, W. F. (2009). "Blue whale ( Balaenoptera musculus)". In Perrin, W. F.; Würsig, B.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.). Encyclopedia of marine mammals. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp.120–124. Timeline: The History of Whaling in America". American Experience. PBS. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010.

a b c d Leatherwood, S.; Caldwell, D. K.; Winn, H. E. (1976). "Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic". NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular. 396: 176. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020 . Retrieved 31 December 2019. Lam, Andy (Fall 1999). "The Convergent Evolution of Marine Fish and Whales". The University of Arizona . Retrieved 17 January 2017. Australia/Indonesia population – Whales in this region appear to winter off Indonesia and migrate to their summer feeding grounds off the coast of Western Australia, with major concentrations at Perth Canyon and an area stretching from the Great Australian Bight and Bass Strait. [24]A map detailing the Fayum Depression in Egypt, where paleontologists found the fossil whale. (Image credit: Gohar A.S. et al (2021))

Bianucci, G.; Marx, F. G.; Collareta, A.; Di Stefano, A.; Landini, W.; Morigi, C.; Varola, A. (2019). "Rise of the titans: baleen whales became giants earlier than thought". Biology Letters. 15 (5): 20190175. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0175. PMC 6548731. PMID 31039728. Thewissen, J. G. M.; Cooper, L. N.; Clementz, M. T.; Bajpai, S.; Tiwari, B. N. (2007). "Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India" (PDF). Nature. 450 (7173): 1190–1194. Bibcode: 2007Natur.450.1190T. doi: 10.1038/nature06343. PMID 18097400. S2CID 4416444. Boisserie, Jean-Renaud; Lihoreau, Fabrice; Brunet, Michel (2005). "The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (5): 1537–1541. Bibcode: 2005PNAS..102.1537B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409518102. PMC 547867. PMID 15677331. Jefferson, T.A.; Leatherwood, S.; Webber, M.A. "Beaked Whales (Family Ziphiidae)". Marine Species Identification Portal . Retrieved 29 August 2015.One species of these relatives was called Ambulocetus. It lived in or near estuaries about 50 to 48 million years ago. a b McClain, C. R.; Balk, M. A.; Benfield, M. C.; Branch, T. A.; Chen, C.; Cosgrove, J.; Dove, A. D. M.; Helm, R. R.; Hochberg, F. G.; Gaskins, L. C.; Lee, F. B.; Marshall, A.; McMurray, S. E.; Schanche, C.; Stone, S. N. (2015). "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". PeerJ. e715: e715. doi: 10.7717/peerj.715. PMC 4304853. PMID 25649000. Thomas, Jeanette A.; Kastelein, Ronald A. (1990). Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans: Laboratory and Field Evidence. Vol.196. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0858-2. ISBN 978-1-4899-0860-5. S2CID 32801659.

Gatesy, J. (1997). "More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (5): 537–543. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790. PMID 9159931. Whales have a two- to three-chambered stomach that is similar in structure to those of terrestrial carnivores. Mysticetes contain a proventriculus as an extension of the oesophagus; this contains stones that grind up food. They also have fundic and pyloric chambers. [42] Locomotion Skeleton of a bowhead whale; notice the vestigial pelvis. Richard Lydekker, 1894 Blue whales are known to interbreed with fin whales. The earliest description of a possible hybrid between a blue and fin whale was a 20-meter (65ft) anomalous female whale with the features of both the blue and the fin whales taken in the North Pacific. [16] A whale captured off northwestern Spain in 1984, was found to have been the product of a blue whale mother and a fin whale father. [17] Watching out for whales: Reducing risks when ships and whales share the seas". wwf.panda.org. WWF . Retrieved 6 September 2021. Boness, Laura (26 May 2014). "Whale poo important for ocean ecosystems". Australian Geographic . Retrieved 18 November 2014.Introduction to Cetacea: Archaeocetes: The Oldest Whales". University of Berkeley . Retrieved 25 July 2015.