The Earth From the Air

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The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined by the International Standard Atmosphere as 101325 pascals (760.00 Torr; 14.6959 psi; 760.00 mmHg). This is sometimes referred to as a unit of standard atmospheres (atm). Total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×10 18 kg (1.135×10 19 lb), [40] about 2.5% less than would be inferred from the average sea level pressure and Earth's area of 51007.2 megahectares, this portion being displaced by Earth's mountainous terrain. Atmospheric pressure is the total weight of the air above unit area at the point where the pressure is measured. Thus air pressure varies with location and weather. a b Haynes, H. M., ed. (2016–2017), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97thed.), CRC Press, p.14-3, ISBN 978-1-4987-5428-6 , which cites Allen's Astrophysical Quantities but includes only ten of its largest constituents. The free outdoor exhibition is a spectacular presentation of over 120 large-scale aerial photographs of breathtaking views of our planet taken by world-famous photographer Yann Arthus-Bertrand.

Earth from the Air - 365 New Days - Hardcover - AbeBooks The Earth from the Air - 365 New Days - Hardcover - AbeBooks

Fantastic. Each image totally captivating in its own way. As a brummie i would like to see more exhibitions like this rather than travelling to London. Thanks for sharing it with us. I think the pictures are amazing, some of them leave you standing with your jaw to the floor. I know mine was, such beauty.a b Anne Marie Helmenstine, PhD (June 16, 2018). "The 4 Most Abundant Gases in Earth's Atmosphere". Main article: Troposphere A picture of Earth's troposphere with its different cloud types of low to high altitudes casting shadows. Sunlight is reflected off the ocean, after it was filtered into a redish light by passing through much of the troposphere at sunset. The above lying stratosphere can be seen at the horizon as a band of its characteristic glow of blue scattered sunlight. States, Robert J.; Gardner, Chester S. (January 2000). "Thermal Structure of the Mesopause Region (80–105 km) at 40°N Latitude. Part I: Seasonal Variations". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 57 (1): 66–77. Bibcode: 2000JAtS...57...66S. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0066:TSOTMR>2.0.CO;2. Earth from the Air has already been a huge hit wherever it has been displayed in Britain (including dates in Birmingham, London and Bristol), as well as other cities around the world. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to organisms. [57] Stratospheric ozone depletion is caused by air pollution, chiefly from chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances.

The Earth from the Air - Yann Arthus-Bertrand - Google Books

Within the five principal layers above, which are largely determined by temperature, several secondary layers may be distinguished by other properties: The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from Earth's surface to an average height of about 12km (7.5mi; 39,000ft), although this altitude varies from about 9km (5.6mi; 30,000ft) at the geographic poles to 17km (11mi; 56,000ft) at the Equator, [21] with some variation due to weather. The troposphere is bounded above by the tropopause, a boundary marked in most places by a temperature inversion (i.e. a layer of relatively warm air above a colder one), and in others by a zone that is isothermal with height. [29] [30]Tyson, P.D.; Preston-Whyte, R.A. (2013). The Weather and Climate of Southern Africa (2nded.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.4. Ancient sediments in the Gabon dating from between about 2.15 and 2.08 billion years ago provide a record of Earth's dynamic oxygenation evolution. These fluctuations in oxygenation were likely driven by the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion. [53] Third atmosphere Oxygen content of the atmosphere over the last billion years [54] [55] Or, the Casting Out of Satan from Heaven, and the Epiphany of Christ, in the Circumambient Air of the Earth

Earth from the Air - Wikipedia

The homosphere and heterosphere are defined by whether the atmospheric gases are well mixed. The surface-based homosphere includes the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and the lowest part of the thermosphere, where the chemical composition of the atmosphere does not depend on molecular weight because the gases are mixed by turbulence. [33] This relatively homogeneous layer ends at the turbopause found at about 100km (62mi; 330,000ft), the very edge of space itself as accepted by the FAI, which places it about 20km (12mi; 66,000ft) above the mesopause. That leaves approximately 1%, which is made up of atoms of unreactive argon, and molecules of carbon dioxide. Marshak, Alexander; Várnai, Tamás; Kostinski, Alexander (15 May 2017). "Terrestrial glint seen from deep space: oriented ice crystals detected from the Lagrangian point". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (10): 5197. Bibcode: 2017GeoRL..44.5197M. doi: 10.1002/2017GL073248. S2CID 109930589.Mayor of London, Ken Livingston, opens the Earth from the Air exhibition, talking with Photographer Yann Arthus-Bertrand and Exhibition Director Chris Bridge. By comparison, the summit of Mount Everest is at 8,848m (29,029ft); commercial airliners typically cruise between 10 and 13km (33,000 and 43,000ft) where the lower density and temperature of the air improve fuel economy; weather balloons reach 30.4km (100,000ft) and above; and the highest X-15 flight in 1963 reached 108.0km (354,300ft).

Earth from the Air 365 Days - Goodreads The Earth from the Air 365 Days - Goodreads

Yann Arthus-Bertrand travelled to Kenya to study the Lions. It was then that he became interested in photography. The upper limit varies depending on the definition. Various authorities consider it to end at about 10,000 kilometres (6,200mi) [23] or about 190,000 kilometres (120,000mi)—about halfway to the moon, where the influence of Earth's gravity is about the same as radiation pressure from sunlight. [22] The geocorona visible in the far ultraviolet (caused by neutral hydrogen) extends to at least 100,000 kilometres (62,000mi). [22] Other layers The volume fraction of the main gases in Earth's atmosphere according to height. The boundary between the homosphere (left) and heterosphere (right) is at about 100 km. The outermost layer of the exosphere (off the chart) is dominated by hydrogen. [32] Seen together they are an outstanding visual testimony to the world we live in today and show how human activity, population growth and technological progress have made dramatic changes to the world's landscapes. The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. It is responsible for auroras. During daytime hours, it stretches from 50 to 1,000km (31 to 621mi; 160,000 to 3,280,000ft) and includes the mesosphere, thermosphere, and parts of the exosphere. However, ionization in the mesosphere largely ceases during the night, so auroras are normally seen only in the thermosphere and lower exosphere. The ionosphere forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because it influences, for example, radio propagation on Earth.The three major constituents of Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass. The concentration of water vapor (a greenhouse gas) varies significantly from around 10 ppm by mole fraction in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5% by mole fraction in hot, humid air masses, and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air (without water vapor). [11] :8 The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, [12] among which are other greenhouse gases, principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Besides argon, already mentioned, other noble gases, neon, helium, krypton, and xenon are also present. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds. Many substances of natural origin may be present in locally and seasonally variable small amounts as aerosols in an unfiltered air sample, including dust of mineral and organic composition, pollen and spores, sea spray, and volcanic ash. Various industrial pollutants also may be present as gases or aerosols, such as chlorine (elemental or in compounds), fluorine compounds and elemental mercury vapor. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial air pollution.