Childrens Monkey Fold Away Chair

Product Information

Chronically dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism results in diabetes due to a relative deficiency of insulin. Various animal models have been used in research for understanding diabetes and discovering novel therapies for the disease [ 1– 4]. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) can naturally develop to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a way similar to the progression and onset of T2DM in humans. Dysmetabolic NHPs have thus been used for diabetes and obesity research in many studies [ 5– 8]. NHP models also play an important role in screening novel compounds for regulation of food intake, blood glucose, and/or body weight. The data from NHP models can result in discovery and validation of new mechanism or therapeutic strategy and target of dysmetabolic diseases [ 9, 10]. It comes with two different silicone attachments, one with internal stimulation and one without so there’s a little something for everyone. It has 10 vibration functions as well as many levels of intensity. I love that the Cowgirl is app-enabled so it can be controlled using a smartphone from up to 30 feet away. If you’re playing with your partner they can take the reins of your toy across the house. There’s also a wired remote for ease of adjustment with a 10-foot cord. The thrusting is controlled with a wireless remote and there are three speeds to play with. It comes with three different size realistic attachments, with battery-powered vibration. They’re surprisingly simple to switch for each other. The thrusting’s powered by eight C batteries, not included, and the battery for the remote is included. Zhu H, Yu L, He Y, Wang B (2014) Nonhuman primate models of type 1 diabetes mellitus for islet transplantation. J Diabetes Res. doi: 10.1155/2014/785948

The survey identified large variation in the types of chair used, the methods of transferring the monkey from the home environment into the chair, the time allowed to prepare the animals for chair restraint equipment before research procedures begin, and the roles of the personnel involved. because NHPs can naturally develop Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) similarly to humans. This study was to investigate blood glucose changes in conscious, moving-free cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) during circadian, meal, stress and drug exposure. Materials and methods Brijesh M (2015) Somogyi effect in a patient of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab 6:493 doi: 10.4172/2155-61561000493 It says the chair includes an adapter so you can attach your favorite toys but I’m not seeing images of what that looks like. To validate the reliability of the telemetry method, blood glucose levels were measured at different time points and with or without various challenges 1 week after device implantation. During the study, 187 blood glucose parameters were collected by both telemetry and glucometer methods in normoglycemic ( n = 3) and diabetic ( n = 2) monkeys. The blood glucose levels measured by the telemetry method were highly correlated with those read by the glucometer (Fig. 1d, Y = 0.9804 x + 3.2753, R² = 0.9466, p< 0.001), which suggests that the telemetry method with the implantable HD-XG device is reliable for continuous blood glucose monitoring. Blood glucose fluctuations during daily activitiesThere are cheaper versions of this type of chair but this is a solid, quality product for something you really don’t want failing on you in the middle of your night. Due to the handcrafted nature of this item, sizes are to be used as a guide only and colours may vary from the photograph shown

Hansen BC, Bodkin NL (1993) Standardization of IVGTT. Importance of method used to calculate glucose disappearance. Diabetes Care 16(5):847Oral or nasal gavage is a conventional procedure frequently used for drug dosing in NHPs. To test if such procedure could also cause stress and alter blood glucose levels, an overnight-fasted monkey placed in a monkey chair underwent a sham oral gavage procedure (placing a gavage tube into the stomach without giving food, drug, or solution). The procedure alone caused the increase in blood glucose levels by 30–50% in both normoglycemia and diabetes monkeys (Figs. 4b, 5b). However, the procedure-induced hyperglycemia lasted much longer in diabetes (>60 min, n = 2) than in normoglycemia (about 20 min, n = 3) monkeys (Figs. 4b, 5b). Blood glucose circadian changes in normoglycemic monkeys significantly differed from that in diabetic animals. Postprandial glucose increase was more obvious after afternoon feeding. Moving a monkey from its housing cage to monkey chair increased blood glucose by 30% in both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Such increase in blood glucose declined to the pre-procedure level in 30 min in normoglycemic animals and >2 h in diabetic monkeys. Oral gavage procedure alone caused hyperglycemia in both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Intravenous injection with the stress hormones, angiotensin II (2 μg/kg) or norepinephrine (0.4 μg/kg), also increased blood glucose level by 30%. The glucose levels measured by the telemetry system correlated significantly well with glucometer readings during glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT or oGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), graded glucose infusion (GGI) and clamp. Conclusion Clinically, the FDA-approved Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system (Dexcom G4 PLATINUM Continuous Glucose Monitoring System, Dexcom, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) can sense interstitial glucose frequently in diabetic patients to inform exogenous insulin delivery timing and dosage. Compared with the arterial glucose telemetry monitoring method used in this study, the advantages of the clinical CGM system (subcutaneously) are relatively easier installation, less expensive, less invasive, and more acceptable safety profile which becomes the mainstay for patient use. For animal research, the disadvantages of the clinic CGM system can firstly manifest moderately delayed glucose readings (5–12 min) [ 26– 29] and likely worsen with implantation time as encapsulation develops [ 30, 31]. Secondly, the CGM system readings of glucose level can vary due to local fluctuations of subcutaneous blood flow by the change of temperature and/or mechanical pressure [ 32, 33]. Thirdly, subcutaneously inflammatory response results in biofouling and encapsulation, which limits sensor service time (less than 2 weeks) [ 26, 34]. Fourthly, fixation of subcutaneously inserted sensor for stable data collection in physically active monkeys is very challenging. To stabilize implanted sensor and to avoid any delay of glucose reading, this study used the implanted HD-XG telemetry device to access arterial vasculature and provided real-time blood glucose information [ 12]. We make several recommendations for refining the use of chair restraint, such as greater discussion of training procedures between laboratories, more pre-study training based on positive reinforcement techniques, use of standard operating procedures to increase consistency in animal training and monitoring, and seeking advice from specialist training consultants. Stout PJ, Racchini JR, Hilgers ME (2004) A novel approach to mitigating the physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose measurements. Diabetes Technol Ther 6(5):635–644

As we get older, our bodies are less happy to put up with the wild positions we used to love and certain furniture can adapt those positions to make them comfortable again. Positioning furniture can help take the strain off of your body and enable you to try positions you might not be able to otherwise. That could be something as simple as a cushion to support your spine and reduce your pain or something more involved like a sex bench to hold limbs in place. ITT is used to examine if the body produces enough ACTH (adreno-cortico-trophic hormone) and growth hormone under stress. The ‘stress’ in this test was to lower blood sugar (hypoglycemia) by injected insulin under very controlled conditions. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to make cortisol which is a steroid hormone and has many functions, including balancing the effect of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels. Five animals (normoglycemia, n = 3 and diabetes, n = 2) were fasted overnight (16 h) and restrained in the monkey chair. When blood glucose levels stabilized for around 30 min via observation of the HD-XG glucose signals, the insulin solution (0.15 U/kg = 0.15 mL/kg of insulin injection) was given to each animal via S.C. injection [ 5]. Blood glucose levels were measured by the glucometer method (StatStrip Xpress meter) immediately before and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after insulin administration (Fig. 7, ITT). Meanwhile, blood glucose levels were monitored and recorded by implanted HD-XG devices. The results were plotted against the time and were correlated very well between the telemetry results and the glucometer readings. GGI One unique thing I love that you’re not going to find in cheaper chairs with a similar design is that this one is height-adjustable. Depending on what you’re doing, height can make all the difference in your comfort depending on whether you’re looking to bounce or stay in to eat. The legs can easily be turned to raise and lower the seats and they even mark off the height for you so you don’t have to struggle with guessing to make sure all the legs are the same length. The seat can be as high as around 15 inches off the ground and as low as 11.8 inches. Ensuring that the chair restraint process is as fully refined as possible will reduce any stress and discomfort to a minimum, facilitating good performance from the monkey and good scientific data. Workshop fundingYou’re really only limited here by your imagination. Plus the chair is easy to assemble and then take apart again for storage. It’s built to hold up to 300 pounds. It’s plenty sturdy with real wood boards that are covered with high-density foam to protect hands and knees. The faux-leather cover is easy to clean which is essential. The monkeys housed in our animal facility were fed twice per day. The postprandial increase in blood glucose was very minor with a few small fluctuations after morning feeding and was more obvious with one main peak after afternoon feeding (Fig. 4a). This pattern of food intake in NHPs differs from humans. Generally speaking, humans complete their meals in a certain period of time (most likely less than 1 h). Blood glucose increase after a meal is more obvious and relatively predictable in humans. However, most of our housed monkeys might not complete their meals in a relatively short period of time, especially after morning feeding. The monkeys could eat and play with their food for quite a while, which initiated those small fluctuations of blood glucose after morning feeding (Fig. 4a). Postprandial increase in blood glucose was more obvious with one main peak after afternoon feeding. This peak potentially indicated the change of the housed monkey behavior. They were smart to intake enough food before 7 pm as the access became difficult after light off. This postprandial blood glucose pattern in housed NHPs also resulted from the advantage of the implantable telemetry device which did not affect animal normal behavior. Wisniewski N, Reichert M (2000) Methods for reducing biosensor membrane biofouling. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 18(3–4):197–219 Kahn CR (1994) Banting lecture. Insulin action, diabetogenes, and the cause of type II diabetes. Diabetes 43(8):1066–1084

Wang X, Hansen BC, Shi D, Fang Y, Du F, Wang B, Chen YM, Gregoire FM, Wang YX (2013) Quantification of beta-cell insulin secretory function using a graded glucose infusion with C-peptide deconvolution in dysmetabolic, and diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. Diabetol Metab Syndr 5(1):40 To support the research community to refine restraint training of non-human primates we have co-sponsored, over four consecutive years, an 8-hour training workshop on ‘Teaching monkeys to cooperate with restraint: using positive reinforcement training and temperament testing methods’, held at the AALAS National Meeting in the USA. Working group membership NameChatzigeorgiou A, Halapas A, Kalafatakis K, Kamper E (2009) The use of animal models in the study of diabetes mellitus. In Vivo 23(2):245–258 As always these stools are good for expanding positions as one partner can lay underneath while the other sides for all sorts of fun activities. The straps have great give to them so you can get a good bounce on without straining your knees. With the addition of short lengths of chain, you can even create the 3D shapes shown in the images above by attaching the board to itself. Your flat bondage surface becomes a spanking chair or supportive wedge to bend a submissive over for all sorts of play. That’s where inflatable toys like Dark Magic come in. It inflates into this lounger (a foot pump is provided to blow it up) which holds the thrusting motor exactly where you need it. There are bolsters built in to prop your legs up and there is space on either side of these bolsters for your legs if you want to flip over on your knees.