Star images 55062 du Replica Stunt Puppet, Multi-Colored, 12 inches

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Hanlon, R. T. & Messenger, J. B., 1996. Cephalopod Behaviour.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cuttlefish have a soft, unarmoured body making them vulnerable to damage and injury (Hanlon & Messenger, 1991; Cooke & Tonkins, 2015). The cuttlebone is able to repair itself and maintains buoyancy so that cuttlefish can withstand a certain amount of internal bone injury (Boletzky & Overath, 1991).

Samson, J.E., Mooney, T.A., Gussekloo, S.W.S. & Hanlon, R.T., 2014. Graded behavioral responses and habituation to sound in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 217, 4347. Guerra, A. & Castro, B., 1988. On the life cycle of Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda, Sepioidea) in the ria de Vigo (NW Spain). Muelle de Bouzas, 29, 395-405. It has been estimated that the temperature limits of Sepia officinalis are 10 and 30°C. Below 10°C individuals do not appear to feed and remain inactive until ultimate mortality (Guerra, 2006). Individuals hatched in lower temperatures also have less inner yolk, presumably due to the increase in embryonic development time. This means once hatched the juveniles are under more pressure to gather food (Guerra, 2006). Embryos ceased development when cultured at 9°C. However, when the temperature was raised development continued, which suggested that eggs could almost go into a ‘hibernation’ period under lower temperatures. It is not known how long this period can last for before mortality (Bouchaud & Daguzan, 1990; Challier et al., 2004). Oxygen demand for embryos is also increased at lower temperatures making embryos in colder water more susceptible to hypoxic conditions within the egg sac (Woods, 1999; cited in Lesser, 2013). My original plan is to build a life size ET display with the crate and bike as remembered at the end of the film.Sensitivity assessment. It appears that adults and juvenile cuttlefish are able to survive in areas with a decrease from full salinity of ca.10 PSU. However, embryos appear to be more sensitive to a decrease in salinity and adults can reduce their spawning or have a decreased growth rate. The short life span of this species, an annual reproductive cycle and its high fecundity means that recovery should take a year. Therefore, resistance to this pressure is ‘Medium’. Resilience is probably ‘ Medium'and sensitivity is, therefore ‘ Medium‘. Cooke, G. & Tonkins, B., 2015. Behavioural indicators of welfare exhibited by the common European cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis). Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 3, 157-162. Bristol Regional Environmental Records Centre, 2017. BRERC species records recorded over 15 years ago. Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/h1ln5p accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-25.

Sensitivity assessment. Sepia officinalis are able to undergo habituation to the sound but may change their behaviour, including mating behaviour. Internal damage has been caused by specific noise levels, meaning, the resistance to this pressure is probably ‘Medium’ albeit with ‘low’ confidence. Hence, resilience is probably ‘ Medium’, and sensitivity has been assessed as ‘Medium’. Paulij, W.P., Herman, P.M.J., Roozen, M.E.F. & Denuce, J.M., 1991. The influence of photoperiodicity on hatching of Sepia officinalis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71, 665-678. Tonkins, B.M., Tyers, A.M. & Cooke, G.M., 2015. Cuttlefish in captivity: an investigation into housing and husbandry for improving welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 168, 77-83. Honestly, due to what's been going on with the world, It's been put on hold for many months until now.Despite their resistance, inflammation and secondary bacterial infections occur generally in cuttlefish thathave sustained trauma or mantle lesions. Septicaemia ( Vibrio spp.) caused by mantle erosion from trauma and/or collision resulted in the death of 4/7 cultured cuttlefish under standard culturing conditions (Sherrill et al., 2000). du Sel, G.P. & Daguzan, J., 1997. A note on sex ratio, length and diet of a population of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) sampled by three fishing methods. Fisheries Research, 32(2), 191-195. As for the other items. I was able to locate the same exact vintage large plastic crate as in the film. The crochet white blanket was easier than I thought to find as well. Sobrino, I., Silva, L., Bellido, J. & Ramos, F., 2002. Rainfall, river discharges and sea temperature as factors affecting abundance of two coastal benthic cephalopod species in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Bulletin of Marine Science -Miami, 71, 851-856. Jones, N.J.E., Ridgway, I.D. & Richardson, C.A., 2009. Transport of cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, eggs under dry and damp conditions. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 75, 192-194.

Scale:E.T. theExtra-Terrestrial height is 1200 mm. The scale of this modelmade in proportion to it. 1/8for FFF/FDM 1.0 version and 1/16for DLP/SLA 1.0 and SLS 1.0 versions. Pascual.E., 1978. Crecimiento y alimentación de tres generaciones de Sepia officinalis en cultivo. Invest Pesqu, 42,421-441. Gutowska, M.A., Portner, H.O. & Melzner, F., 2008. Growth and calcification in the cephalopod Sepia officinalis under elevated seawater CO2. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 373, 303-309. Pierce, G.J., Boyle, P.R., Hastie, L.C. & Shanks, A.M., 1994. Distribution and abundance of the fished population of Loligo forbesii in UK waters: analysis of fishery data. Special Issue: Fishery Biology of Northeast Atlantic Squid, Fisheries Issue, 21, 193-216. Bloor, I., 2016. The current and changing role of physico-chemical factors and cues in the embryonic and early life stage development of the common cuttlefish ( Sepia Officinalis). Vie et milieu, 66(1), 81-95.Mating.Mating occurs in deeper water. Mate choice occurs in female Sepia officinalis and appears to be a preference, not for dominance, but for the absence of zebra banding. This might be because zebra branding infers aggression in the male (Boal, 1997). Males carry up to 1400 spermatophores and females 150-4000 eggs depending on their size. Spermatophores are placed in the female’s buccal membrane located above the mouth (Guerra, 2006). A single pair can mate several times and males have been observed to guard their mate post-insemination (Hanlon et al., 1999). Females are polyandrous and can accept and store sperm from multiple males, and can control which sperm to fertilize her eggs (Naud et al., 2005). This is referred to as the ‘cryptic female choice hypothesis’ (Eberhard, 1996). More food was consumed by sexually mature females than non-sexually mature females and mature males suggesting a higher demand (Castro & Guerra, 1999). Marine Management Organisation (MMO), 2017. Minimum conservation reference sizes (MCRS) in UK waters. Gov.UK. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/minimum-conservation-reference-sizes-mcrs/minimum-conservation-reference-sizes-mcrs-in-uk-waters Oliveira, C., Grano-Maldonado, M., Gonçalves, R., Frias, P. & Sykes, A., 2017. Preliminary results on the daily and seasonal rhythms of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (linnaeus, 1758) locomotor activity in captivity. Fishes, 2, 9.

Benchmark.Damage to surface features (e.g. species and physical structures within the habitat). Further detail In the Mersin province, Turkey, 10g of Sepia officinalis were caught as by-catch using one trawl from September 2004 to April 2005. The target fish were; mullet, goatfish and shrimp (Atar & Malal, 2010). In Algarve (southern Portugal), Sepia officinalis are occasionally caught in tuna traps (Neves dos Santos et al., 2002). Many eggs are laid on cuttletraps during spawning periods. When removed from water fishermen are not interested in collecting the eggs. Instead, they are usually left on the pontoon until further use resulting in either mortality or significant damage (Blanc & Daguzan, 1998). Boletzky, S.v., 1987. Fecundity variation in relation to intermittent or chronic spawning in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis L. (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Bulletin of Marine Science, 40, 382-388Keller, S., Valls, M., Hidalgo, M. & Quetglas, A., 2014. Influence of environmental parameters on the life-history and population dynamics of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis in the western Mediterranean. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 145, 31-40. Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 2018. Mollusc (marine) records for Great Britain and Ireland. Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/aurwcz accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-25. South East Wales Biodiversity Records Centre, 2018. SEWBReC Molluscs (South East Wales). Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/jos5ga accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-10-02.