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Prawer, Joshua (1985). "Social Classes in the Crusader States: The "Minorities" ". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Zacour, Norman P.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume V: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp.59–115. ISBN 0-299-09140-6. A two-state solution, Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, and refugees are at the core of the dispute. a b c d e f g h Salim Tamari (Winter 2004). "Lepers, Lunatics and Saints: The Nativist Ethnography of Tawfiq Canaan and his Jerusalem Circle" (PDF). Jerusalem Quarterly. Issue 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2015 . Retrieved 31 May 2015. Conder, Claude R. (1876). "Notes on the Language of the Native Peasantry in Palestine". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 8 (3): 132–140. doi: 10.1179/peq.1876.8.3.132. ISSN 0031-0328.

Lentin, Jérôme (2018). Holes, Clive (ed.). Arabic Historical Dialectology: Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Approaches. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.170–205. ISBN 9780191770647.

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Israeli soldiers of the 33rd Caracal Battalion take part in a graduation march in the northern part of the southern Israeli Negev desert, 13 March 2013. Photograph: Menahem Kahana/AFP/Getty Images

a b c Litvak, M. (2009). "Constructing a National Past: The Palestinian Case". In Litvak, M. (ed.). Palestinian Collective Memory and National Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.97–133. doi: 10.1057/9780230621633_5. ISBN 978-1-349-37755-8. Broshi, M., & Finkelstein, I. (1992). "The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 287(1), 47-60. Milka Levy-Rubin (2000) Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Vol. 43, No. 3 (2000), pp. 257–276 – [2] In his book on the Palestinians, The Arabs in Eretz-Israel, Belkind advanced the idea that the dispersion of Jews out of the Land of Israel after the destruction of the Second Temple by the Roman emperor Titus is a "historic error" that must be corrected. While it dispersed much of the land's Jewish community around the world, those "workers of the land that remained attached to their land," stayed behind and were eventually converted to Christianity and then Islam. [107] He therefore, proposed that this historical wrong be corrected, by embracing the Palestinians as their own and proposed the opening of Hebrew schools for Palestinian Arab Muslims to teach them Arabic, Hebrew and universal culture. [107] The UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon said Israeli fire hit one of its patrols in the country’s south on Saturday, despite the Hamas-Israel truce largely quietening the Lebanon-Israel frontier. Around noon, a Unifil patrol was hit by Israeli military gunfire in the vicinity of Aitarun, the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon said. “No peacekeepers were injured, but the vehicle was damaged.”

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a b c Semino; etal. (2004). "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1023–1034. doi: 10.1086/386295. PMC 1181965. PMID 15069642. It is unknown whether Palestine's population shifted toward Islam before or after the Crusader period (1099–1291). Some academics suggest that much of Palestine was already predominately Muslim at the time the Crusaders arrived. [21] [22] [23] Alternatively, it has been argued that the process of Islamization occurred much later, perhaps during the Mamluk period. [24] [25] [15] Much of the local Palestinian population in the area of Nablus is believed to be descended from Samaritans who converted to Islam, a process that continued well into the 19th century. [26]

The Israel Defence Forces said that inside the Gaza Strip, distribution of the aid was implemented by the United Nations and international organisations. The Camp David summit of 2000 saw President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Arafat fail to reach a final peace deal. Being an Arab in Israel involves understanding the language and history of the “other side”. This phrasing highlights the oppressor-oppressed dynamic, with one side having one of the most powerful armies in the world and the other being a minority. Therefore, when discussing recent events, we cannot ignore the years of occupation and invasion, and how Israel has treated Arabs. This is not to justify Hamas’s actions but to provide context for Palestinians’ pain and suffering without protection. Klein, Menachem (2014). "Arab Jew in Palestine". Israel Studies. 19 (3): 134–153. doi: 10.2979/israelstudies.19.3.134. ISSN 1084-9513. JSTOR 10.2979/israelstudies.19.3.134. S2CID 143231294.

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Cohen, Amnon, and Bernard Lewis. Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century. Princeton University Press, 1978. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13x196g. Accessed 11 Nov. 2023.

Commenting on the implications of Canaanite ideology, Eric M. Meyers, a Duke University historian of religion, writes: Refugees - Today about 5.6 million Palestinian refugees - mainly descendants of those who fled in 1948 - live in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza. About half of registered refugees remain stateless, according to the Palestinian foreign ministry, many living in crowded camps. a b Ehrlich, Michael (2022). The Islamization of the Holy Land, 634-1800. Leeds, UK: Arc Humanities Press. pp.3–4. ISBN 978-1-64189-222-3. OCLC 1302180905. Samaritan rebellions during the fifth and sixth centuries were crushed by the Byzantines and as a result, the main Samaritan communities began to decline. Similarly, the Jewish community strove to recover from the catastrophic results of the Bar Kokhva revolt (132–135 ce). During the Late Roman and Byzantine periods, many Jews emigrated to thriving centres in the diaspora, especially Iraq, whereas some converted to Christianity and others continued to live in the Holy Land, especially in Galilee and the coastal plain. [...] Accordingly, most of the Muslims who participated in the conquest of the Holy Land did not settle there, but continued on to further destinations. For most of the Muslims who settled in the Holy Land were either Arabs who immigrated before the Muslim conquest and then converted to Islam, or Muslims who immigrated after the Holy Land's conquest. [...] Consequently, many local Christians converted to Islam. Thus, almost twelve centuries later, when the army led by Napoleon Bonaparte arrived in the Holy Land, most of the local population was Muslim. [...] The Holy Land's transformation from an area populated mainly by Christians into a region whose population was predominantly Muslim was the result of two processes: immigration and conversion One can, in fact must, see such actions as provocations without endorsing further murderous violence against civilians. But if you watched only US news, you would be likely to presume that Palestinians always act while Israel only reacts. You might even think that Palestinians are the ones colonizing the land of Israel, no less. And you probably believe that Israel, which holds ultimate control over the lives of 5 million Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza and yet denies them the right to vote in Israeli elections, is a democracy.a b c d e Gil, Moshe (1997). A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521599849.