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His son Erispoe secured the independence of the new kingdom of Brittany and won the Battle of Jengland against Charles the Bald. The Bretons won another war in 867, and the kingdom reached then its maximum extent: It received parts of Normandy, Maine and Anjou and the Channel Islands. Main article: Gallo language Signs in Gallo are very rare and the writing systems they use are unknown by most of the speakers.
When the region of Brittany was created, several local politicians opposed the exclusion of Loire-Atlantique, and the question still remains. Jean Markale and Patrice Pellerin (1994). Une histoire de la Bretagne. Éditions Ouest France. p.46. ISBN 2-7373-1516-6. In Lower Brittany, the medieval style never totally disappeared. However, local innovations permitted some changes and the birth of a particular style. Its most distinctive feature is the parish close, which displays an elaborately decorated church surrounded by an entirely walled churchyard. Many villages still have their closes, they date from the 16th and 17th centuries and sometimes include an elaborately carved calvary sculpture. Brittany lies within the north temperate zone. It has a changeable, maritime climate, similar to Cornwall. Rainfall occurs regularly but sunny, cloudless days are also common. In the summer months, temperatures in the region can reach 30°C (86°F), yet the climate remains comfortable, especially when compared to the French regions located south of the Loire. The temperature difference between summer and winter is about 15 degrees, but it varies depending on the proximity of the sea. The weather is generally milder on the seacoast than inland but rainfall occurs with the same intensity on both. The Monts d'Arrée, despite their low elevation, have much more rainfall than the rest of the region. The south coast, between Lorient and Pornic, enjoys more than 2,000 hours of sunshine per year. [44] Flora and fauna [ edit ] An ocean sunfish exhibiting its characteristic horizontal basking behaviour several miles off Penmarch Regardless of the truth of this story, Brythonic (British Celtic) settlement probably increased during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. [ citation needed] The Brythonic community around the 6th century. The sea was a communication medium rather than a barrier.Although it was split from the other four departments that remain in Brittany by the French government, the Loire-Atlantique is culturally, historically and geographically united to Brittany. There continues to be active campaigns for the reunification of Brittany. a b Venceslas Kruta (2000). Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire. Robert Laffont. p.427. ISBN 2-7028-6261-6. Homo sapiens settled in Brittany around 35,000 years ago. They replaced or absorbed the Neanderthals and developed local industries, similar to the Châtelperronian or to the Magdalenian. After the last glacial period, the warmer climate allowed the area to become heavily wooded. At that time, Brittany was populated by relatively large communities who started to change their lifestyles from a life of hunting and gathering, to become settled farmers. Agriculture was introduced during the 5th millennium BC by migrants from the south and east. However, the Neolithic Revolution in Brittany did not happen due to a radical change of population, but by slow immigration and exchange of skills. [19] Festival Interceltique de Lorient 2010". Festival Interceltique de Lorient. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011 . Retrieved 3 May 2011.
Brittany importantly lost the Mad War against France in 1488, mostly because of its internal divisions that were exacerbated by the corruption at the court of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Indeed, some rebel Breton lords were fighting on the French side. A photo, published in 1970 in the local newspaper Le Télégramme de Brest, shows the flag hanging on the wall of a gym in the town of Lannion where members of the FALSAB (Fédération Autonome de Lutte et Sports Athlétiques Bretons, Autonomous Federation of Breton Wrestling and Athletic Sports) are training. Her husband King Charles VIII would not last long however. None of their children survived early childhood, and when the king died in 1498, the throne went to his cousin,King Louis XII.
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Brittany is widely known for the Breton horse, a local breed of draft horse, and for the Brittany gun dog. The region also has its own breeds of cattle, some of which are on the brink of extinction: the Bretonne Pie Noir, the Froment du Léon, the Armorican and the Nantaise. The largest cities in Region Brittany as of 2017 were Rennes, with 216,815 inhabitants, Brest 140,064, Quimper 62,985, Lorient 57,149, Vannes 53,352, Saint-Malo 46,097 and Saint-Brieuc 44,372. All the other communes had under 25,000 inhabitants. [63] Brittany is also characterised by a great number of small towns, such as Vitré, Concarneau, Morlaix or Auray. Loire-Atlantique has two major cities, Nantes, with 309,346 inhabitants and an urban area encompassing 972,828, and Saint-Nazaire, with 69,993 inhabitants. [63] Loire-Atlantique's population is more rapidly growing than Region Brittany's and it is the 12th most populated French département. [64] Nevertheless, since the 1990s, Rennes has consistently ranked as one of France's fastest growing metropolitan areas. While France tried to discourage the use of regional languages, their use is rebounding, bringing a stronger understanding of culture, contributions, and history. Through the local efforts of the Bretons and their Breton language schools (Diwan, Div Yezh, Dihun), children are being taught in the native language while they learn standard curriculum. The schools are supported by worldwide efforts through various groups, including the International Committee for the Defense of the Breton Language. Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'ouest, (Anjou, Maine, Poitou, Touraine). Université d'Angers. 1976. The obstacles to reunification are the same as in 1956: having Nantes in Brittany could harm the position of Rennes and create an economic imbalance between Lower and Upper Brittany. Moreover, the Pays de la Loire region could not exist without Loire-Atlantique, because it would lose its political and economic capital. Without Loire-Atlantique, the other départements would not form an efficient region any more, and would have to integrate neighbouring regions such as the Centre-Val de Loire and Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Known as “Bretagne” in French, the Brittany region is known for trying to go things its own way. It is a region with a strong independent Celtic heritage that it adheres to this day. Several drafts for French regions had been proposed since the 1920s, and the definitive regions were drawn in 1956. The new Brittany had four départements, and Loire-Atlantique formed the Pays de la Loire region together with parts of Anjou, Maine and Poitou. In 1972, the regions received their present competencies, with an elected regional council. Since then, the region of Brittany has had its own council and administrative bodies. Monts d'Arrée– the mountainous area in Finistère, a very preserved place with a lot of natural paths in preserved and diverse countryside Main article: Kingdom of Brittany A 1922 nationalist engraving of Nominoe, first king of Brittany Battle of Ar Roc'h-Derrien during the War of the Breton Succession
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Anne de Bretagne was the daughter of DukeFrançois IIof Bretagne, and his only heir to reach adulthood. She and her lands were so coveted, that she was promptly betrothed to: Football, cycling and sailing are the three most popular sports in Brittany. Major football teams are the FC Nantes, the Stade Rennais F.C., the FC Lorient, the Stade Brestois 29, the Vannes OC and the En Avant de Guingamp. Professional footballers coming from the region also form the Brittany national football team which sometimes plays with national teams.
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