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Some Irish wall crosses located near the main door contain a holy water font and would have been used as part of short prayer upon entering or leaving a house.
The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during the medieval period. A cross inlaid with gems. Denotes a glorification of the cross, this form was inspired by the cult of the cross that arose after Saint Helena's discovery of the True Cross in Jerusalem in 327. Popular in the Late Roman and Byzantine Empire, it was adopted by many cultures of Late Antiquity, including the Franks, Goths, and Lombards. Examples persisted into the early Medieval period, such as the Cruz de la Victoria of Asturias. The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus ( Latin for "body"). The very clear distinctive style of the figures on the crosses of the Market Cross of Kells , Cross of the Scriptures and Durrow High Cross act like a signature for this particular mastermind stonemason (or perhaps a school of stonemasons).The relatively simple design of the crucifixion on the West Cross in Kilfenora, County Clare dating from about the 12th century, is another typical example from this late high cross period. For more insights into Irish jewelry, take a look at our post about Claddagh rings and their meaning . In the 19th century, brought about a renewed interest in Celtic crosses and in particular high crosses. Used by priests of the Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches to bestow blessings upon the faithful. The most striking characteristic of high crosses is their height. These towering monuments stand several meters tall.
The Chi Rho ( / ˈ k aɪ ˈ r oʊ/; also known as chrismon) is one of the earliest forms of christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters—chi and rho (ΧΡ)—of the Greek word ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (Christos) in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi. Also known as the Crusader's Cross. A large cross with a smaller cross in each of its angles. It was used as a symbol of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. A large stone cross that is richly decorated. From the 19th century, many large modern versions have been erected for various functions, and smaller Celtic crosses have become popular for individual grave monuments, usually featuring only abstract ornament, usually interlace. Muiredach Cross has an inscription which translates to “a prayer for Muiredach who had this cross made” and is thought to refer to the abbot of the monastery.The cross is a combination of a Potent Cross and Quadrate Cross, which appears in the arms of the episcopal see of Lichfield & Coventry. In most cases, the base was embellished with Celtic decoration, or sometimes contained an inscription in the ancient language of ogham. Modern Celtic cross designs are often based on early and late period high crosses that were decorated with the Celtic knot artwork of triskeles, spirals and Trinity knot patterns. The Market Cross, thought to date to have been constructed around the same time as the Muiredach’s Cross and possibly by the same stonemasons, is the most famous of these crosses. One suggestion is that these building-shaped capstones were a leftover design from smaller crosses made of timber or metal in which relics of a saint could be stored in a (possibly detachable) house-shaped reliquary.
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