Science Made Easy, Ages 5-6 (Key Stage 1): Supports the National Curriculum, Science Exercise Book (Made Easy Workbooks)

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David is awarded the Manchester Science Festival Josh Award for Outstanding Innovation in Science Communication Special and general relativity come together to show how time is measured differently in different frames of reference, called time dilation. This effect happens because different frames of reference perceive time and space differently. Let’s look at an example: the muon. Muons are subatomic particles that are created when cosmic rays hit the Earth’s atmosphere. They decay after just 2.2 microseconds. Although muons travel at nearly the speed of light, they decay so fast that they shouldn’t reach the Earth’s surface. But many do. To an observer whose reference frame is standing on the Earth’s surface, a muon should travel only .4 miles in its 2.2 microsecond life. But because muons travel so close to the speed of light, from their reference frame time passes for them about 40 times slower than viewed by an earth observer. This means, from our perspective on Earth, a muon has a lifetime of close to 90 microseconds, during which it can travel 16 miles. This effect is known as time dilation. Relativity Fast Facts Wendy is awarded an MBE in Queen’s Birthday Honours for services to science and engineering communication However, from the point of view of the occupants of a space ship, they continue to accelerate as long as there is fuel to propel it. Time slows down for them, so they don’t perceive anything preventing them from accelerating for an infinite amount of time. However, they should perceive a red-shift in the light coming from their destination.

For an outside observer, the mass of the space ship approaches infinity. That means for a chemically-propelled ship, each and every molecule of exhaust approaches an infinite mass. Thus, there is no impediment to continued acceleration. However, what happens to the curvature of the universe as a small body has its mass approach infinity? Helen has presented a number of brilliant science programmes on BBC4 and Radio 4 and is the author of the highly acclaimed book; “ Storm in a Teacup: the physics of everyday life”.

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Wendy Sadler was determined to change that. She believed that science could and should appeal to everyone, if only they were suitably inspired. Wendy was a graduate in Physics and Music This show contains demonstrations where water will be spilled on the floor. Please ensure your venue is suitable. Each lesson contains a video outlining and explaining key concepts and ideas in a clear and easy to understand manner.

The speed of light is incredibly high. Because the speed of light is squared in Einstein’s equation, tiny amounts of mass contain huge amounts of energy. Another result of the theory of special relativity is that as an object moves faster, its observed mass increases. This increase is negligible at everyday speeds. But as an object approaches the speed of light, its observed mass becomes infinitely large. As a result, an infinite amount of energy is required to make an object move at the speed of light. For this reason, it is impossible for any matter to travel faster than light speed. Using lots of demonstrations and volunteers to help, our presenters will help you recognise and name properties of water – freezing, boiling, melting, condensing, dissolving and evaporating and will talk about the states of matter – solid, liquid and gas. They will illustrate how water has a chemical formula and how water and the objects in it are affect by forces – floating and sinking, gravity. Relativity, comprising Albert Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity, revolutionized our understanding of space, time, mass, energy, and gravity. Special relativity introduces the constancy of light speed and consistent physics across non-accelerating reference frames, while general relativity explains gravity as the warping of space-time by mass. These theories are pivotal in modern scientific endeavors, including particle physics and GPS technology. What Is the Theory of Relativity?

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It would appear that the speed of light is a singularity at which Time, as observed by someone outside the frame of reference, essentially stops, but the speed approaches the speed of light asymptotically; the length of the ship approaches zero. The question is, other than the red-shift, what do the occupants observe? For 11+ age groups, our presenters encourage the audience to think about how elements consist of atoms that combine together in chemical reactions to form compounds, and how gravity – as a weak force – can be over-come by other forces. Every lesson is accompanied by a printable summary sheet and printable worksheets and answers. These form a complete set of revision notes. As a result, an infinite amount of energy is required to make an object move at the speed of light. For this reason, it is impossible for any matter to travel faster than light speed.”

In the early 2000s, science education in schools was delivered almost exclusively by teachers. A number of science centres had opened, but these concentrated mainly on attracting visitors to the centre rather than going out into the schools to support the delivery of science education. One unfortunate consequence of this was that many teenagers (particularly girls) lost interest in science. with considerable experience of developing science education programmes for centres in both Australia and the UK. Helen said “I’m delighted to be the new Patron of Science Made Simple because learning about the way the world works has so much to offer all of us – it’s not just the delight of curiosity satisfied, or the fun of finding things out – science changes our perspective on the world and provides the critical framework that citizens need to make everyday decisions. Science Made Simple does a great job of sharing this message.” Special relativity involves two key ideas. First, the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for any observer, regardless of the observer’s location or motion, or the location or motion of the light source. Second, the laws of physics are the same for all reference frames that are not speeding up or slowing down relative to each other. A reference frame can be thought of as an environment in which an observer is at rest.

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Relativity is two related theories: special relativity, which explains the relationship between space, time, mass, and energy; and general relativity, which describes how gravity fits into the mix. Albert Einstein proposed these theories starting in 1905. By the 1920s, they were widely accepted by physicists. In the early 2000s, science education in schools was delivered almost exclusively by teachers. There were a number of science centres, but these concentrated mainly on attracting visitors to the centre rather than going out into the schools to support the delivery of science education. One unfortunate consequence of this was that many teenagers (particularly girls) lost interest in science.