Chrysanthemum Manual of the National Chrysanthemum Society

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Fukai S, de Jong J, Rademaker W (1995) Efficient genetic transformation of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat. Kitamura) using stem segments. Breed Sci 45:179–184

Richard Williams is one of the founders and treasurer of The National Chrysanthemum Society of South Africa, he says. He is also the secretary and show-secretary of the Pniel Horticultural and Industrial Society. A show-secretary organises the flower shows. PHOTO: Joel Ontong

Yepes LC, Mittak V, Pang SZ, Gonsalves C, Slightom JL, Gonsalves D (1995) Biolistic transformation of chrysanthemum with the nucleocapsid gene of tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Cell Rep 14:694–698

Ronald WG, Ascher PD (1975) Self compatibility in garden chrysanthemum: occurrence, inheritance and breeding potential. Theor Appl Genet 46(1):45–54 These chrysanthemums either look like an artist's paint brush or a thistle. In the brush form the fine, tubular florets grow in an upright fashion, while in the thistle form the florets twist all around the stem or fan out in a horizontal manner. Class 13 - Unusual However, winning can feel great, according to Le Cordeur. “Yes, I have won. But I have lost more than I have won. And that is why you need to have a passion,” he says. “Because when you lose, you tend to want to give up. But if you have a love for it, then you will do it again next year.” Chittenden FJ (1951) The Royal Horticultural Society. Dictionary of gardening. A practical and scientific cytopedia of Horticulture, Assisted by specialist vol 1, A-Co., Oxford, at the Clarenden PressThis popular class is smaller than the Irregular Incurve, with shorter, partially incurving florets and a more open appearance. It looks like a hybrid between Irregular Incurve and Regular Incurve. Class6 -Pompon Additional information Longwood Gardens. This large display features cascades, arches, single stem and thousand bloom plants. Video of installation of a 1,000 bloom plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=UUHMP1vVm6vrp4PVDb7fZ_Jw&time_continue=24&v=sWTA32DdDlU&feature=emb_logo Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Avenue, Buffalo NY 14218-1526, Additional information at Buffalo Gardens. No Chrysanthemum Show planned for 2023. Nazeer MA (1981) Karyological studies in two species of Chrysanthemum L. Cell Chrom Newslett 4(2):33–35 To grow a prize-winning chrysanthemum requires knowing how to mix soil with the correct ratio of minerals and when to add or subtract certain minerals, says Mentoor. Growers must also be keenly aware of the weather and its effects on the flower, he adds.

Saghai-Maroof MA, Soliman KM, Jorgensen RA, Allard RW (1984) Ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(24):8014–8018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.24.8014Watanabe K (1983) Studies on the control of diploid-like meiosis in polyploid taxa of Chrysanthemum. IV. Colchiploids and the process of cytogenetical diploidization. Theor Appl Genet 66:9–14 Kher MA (1973) Effect of B-9 and ethrel on the growth and flowering in chrysanthemum. Progress Hortic 5:77–83 Trigiano RN, Scott MC, Caetano-Anolle’s G (1998) Genetic signatures from amplification profiles characterize DNA mutation in somatic and radiation-induced sports of Chrysanthemum. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 123:642–646 The long, tubular ray florets in this class are spatulate, meaning they look like a spoon. The central disk in this flower is round and visible. It looks very similar to Semi-Double except for the fact that the ray florets (outer petals) look like spoons. Class 10 - Quill These towns have societies dedicated to growing the best chrysanthemums, which are then displayed at annual flower shows and judged according to certain criteria, says Williams.