Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East

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Ocampo, V. (1963). 338171 T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia). London. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Storrs, Ronald (1940). Lawrence of Arabia, Zionism and Palestine– via Internet Archive (archive.org). Lawrence's biographers have discussed his sexuality at considerable length and this discussion has spilled into the popular press. [210] There is no direct evidence for consensual sexual intimacy between Lawrence and any person. His friends have expressed the opinion that he was asexual, [211] [212] and Lawrence himself specifically denied any personal experience of sex in multiple private letters. [213] There were suggestions that Lawrence had been intimate with his companion Selim Ahmed, "Dahoum", who worked with him at a pre-war archaeological dig in Carchemish, [214] and fellow serviceman R. A. M. Guy, [215] but his biographers and contemporaries found them unconvincing. [214] [215] [216] Lawrence in Miranshah 1928 Aldington, Richard (1955). Lawrence of Arabia: A biographical enquiry. London: Collins. ISBN 978-1-122-22259-4. Lawrence, M.R. (1954). The Home Letters of T. E. Lawrence and his Brothers. Oxford. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)

Wilson is also uncommonly persuasive when exploring Lawrence's later years, far from being a monastic retreat from reality, as a productive if often difficult period. Lawrence was constantly writing, from Seven Pillars to The Mint to translations of Homer and French literature; he made friends both among cultural and political leaders and in the enlisted ranks. While he initially struggled to process his guilt and trauma, not to mention his ongoing celebrity (fanned by American reporter Lowell Thomas, whose lecture series promoted Lawrence as the "Uncrowned King of Arabia"), by the late '20s Lawrence settled into a more or less comfortable existence. He landed a posting with the RAF that suited his talents, enjoyed a close friendship with Sydney Smith and his wife Claire, built a private home at Cloud's Hill and worked on seaplane development and rescue equipment; generally, "Airman Shaw" made the most of his postwar years. His death in 1935, though certainly untimely, was neither a suicide nor (as some absurd accounts claim) an assassination; Lawrence showed no signs that he was anything but content with the life he'd achieved by middle age. The book can get a bit dry, though. Wilson quotes a lot from contemporary documents and letters; some readers may find these quotations excessively long and not particularly interesting. It also feels like Wilson wanted to dump every scrap of his research into the book. In spite of this, there are a few subjects that some readers might wish received more coverage, like Lawrence’s illegitimate birth, the capture of Aqaba, or Lawrence’s death. Also, Wilson’s treatment of Lawrence’s statements sometimes seem too uncritical; you have to pore through the footnotes and appendices for some coverage of these. If you’re looking for an “interpretation” of Lawrence, you won’t really find it. There’s also a small number of typos. Knowles, Richard (1991). "Tale of an 'Arabian knight': the T. E. Lawrence effigy". Church Monuments. 6: 67–76. Fraser, Giles (8 April 2016). "Lawrence of Arabia wouldn't have been surprised by the rise of Isis". The Guardian . Retrieved 7 June 2021.

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Lawrence travelled regularly between British headquarters and Faisal, co-ordinating military action. [89] But by early 1918, Faisal's chief British liaison was Lieutenant Colonel Pierce Charles Joyce, and Lawrence's time was chiefly devoted to raiding and intelligence-gathering. [90] Strategy [ edit ]

Lawrence, T. E. (1997). Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Wordsworth Classics of World Literature. Calder, A. (Introduction). Wordsworth. pp.vi–vii. ISBN 978-1853264696. Calder writes in the "Introduction" that returning soldiers often felt intense guilt at having survived, when others did not – even to the point of self-harm. Hulsman, John C. (2009). To Begin the World over Again: Lawrence of Arabia from Damascus to Baghdad. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-61742-1. During the closing years of the war, Lawrence sought to convince his superiors in the British government that Arab independence was in their interests, but he met with mixed success. [126] The secret Sykes-Picot Agreement between France and Britain contradicted the promises of independence that he had made to the Arabs and frustrated his work. [127] Post-war years [ edit ] Leclerc, C. (1998). Avec T. E. Lawrence en Arabie, La Mission militaire francaise au Hedjaz 1916–1920 (in French). Paris. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)Some Englishmen, of whom Kitchener was chief, believed that a rebellion of Arabs against Turks would enable England, while fighting Germany, simultaneously to defeat Turkey. Crawford, Fred D. (1998). Aldington and Lawrence of Arabia: A cautionary tale. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-2166-7. Graves, Robert (1934). Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape – via Internet Archive (archive.org).

Lawrence was never specific about the identity of "S.A." Many theories argue in favour of individual men or women, and the Arab nation as a whole. [218] The most popular theory is that S.A. represents (at least in part) Dahoum, who apparently died of typhus before 1918. [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] Meulenjizer, V. (1938). Le Colonel Lawrence, agent de l'Intelligence Service (in French). Brussels. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)Simpson, Andrew R. B. (2011). Another Life: Lawrence After Arabia. History Press. pp.244–252. ISBN 978-0752466446. With TextII in front of him, Lawrence began working on a polished version ("TextIII") in London, Jeddah, and Amman during 1921. Lawrence completed this text comprising 335,000words in February1922.

Armitage, F.A. (1955). The Desert and the Stars: A biography of Lawrence of Arabia (illustrated with photographsed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-00-000577-9. His journey to this point has long been legend. From his first postings as archaeologist, liaison and map officer, to fighting alongside guerrilla forces during the Arab Revolt. Journeying more than 300 miles through blistering heat to capture Aqaba, to his involvement in peace conferences that decided the future of the Middle East. Lawrence gave over his life the Middle East and its people. At the Arab Bureau, Lawrence supervised the preparation of maps, [53] produced a daily bulletin for the British generals operating in the theatre, [54] and interviewed prisoners. [53] He was an advocate of a British landing at Alexandretta which never came to pass. [55] He was also a consistent advocate of an independent Arab Syria. [56]The Re-publication of The Wilderness of Zin". Palestine Exploration Fund. 18 October 2006. Archived from the original on 18 October 2006 . Retrieved 9 September 2012. The T. E. Lawrence Poems was published by Canadian poet Gwendolyn MacEwen in 1982. The poems rely on, and quote directly from, primary material including Seven Pillars and the collected letters. [270] Initially, Lawrence played only a supporting role in the show, as the main focus was on Allenby's campaigns; but then Thomas realised that it was the photos of Lawrence dressed as a Bedouin which had captured the public's imagination, so he had Lawrence photographed again in London in Arab dress. [133] With the new photos, Thomas re-launched his show under the new title With Allenby in Palestine and Lawrence in Arabia in early 1920, which proved to be extremely popular. [133] The new title elevated Lawrence from a supporting role to a co-star of the Near Eastern campaign and reflected a changed emphasis. Thomas' shows made the previously obscure Lawrence into a household name. [133] Lawrence worked with Thomas on the creation of the presentation, answering many questions and posing for many photographs. [137] After its success, however, he expressed regret about having been featured in it. [138] Emir Faisal's party at Versailles, during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919; left to right: Rustum Haidar, Nuri al-Said, Prince Faisal (front), Captain Pisani (rear), Lawrence, Faisal's servant (name unknown), Captain Hassan Khadri The book had to be rewritten three times, once following the loss of the manuscript on a train at Reading railway station. From Seven Pillars, "...and then lost all but the Introduction and drafts of Books9 and 10 at Reading Station, while changing trains. This was about Christmas, 1919." (p.21) Seven Pillars of Wisdom is the autobiographical account of the experiences of British Army Colonel T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") while serving as a military advisor to Bedouin forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire of 1916 to 1918.