La Virgen María

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The next day, December 13, Juan Diego found his uncle fully recovered as the Virgin had assured him, and Juan Bernardino recounted that he also had seen her after praying at his bedside (fifth apparition); that she had instructed him to inform the Archbishop of this apparition and of his miraculous cure; and that she had told him she desired to be known under the title of "Guadalupe". [3] One of the first printed accounts of the history of the apparitions and image occurs in Imagen de la Virgen Maria, Madre de Dios de Guadalupe, published in 1648 by Miguel Sánchez, a diocesan priest of Mexico City. [39]

Con este icono, el artista, el fraile Franciscano Robert Lentz, quiere recordar a la gente que María y Jesús eran Judíos. Esto es obvio cuando lees la Biblia y aun así la gente parece querer olvidarlo. Los Cristianos que honran la identidad Judía de Jesús, María y los apóstoles, también honran a sus hermanos Judíos contemporáneos. Si, al contrario, ignoramos que María y Jesús eran Judíos, permitimos que crezca el antisemitismo. El hermano Robert Lentz pinta a María con una estrella de David como la que los Nazis hacían llevar a los judíos, y con alambre de espino. Ciertamente, María y Jesús habrían sido asesinados si hubiesen vivido al alcance del Tercer Reich. El título en Hebreo de este icono se lee ‘Hija Cautiva de Sión”, y está tomado de Isaías 52.2.The portrait was executed on a natural fibre fabric support constituted by two pieces (originally three) joined. The join is clearly visible as a seam passing from top to bottom, with the Virgin's face and hands and the head of the angel on the left piece, passing through the left wrist of the Virgin. The fabric is mounted on a large metal sheet to which it has been glued for some time. [64] The image, currently set in a massive frame protected behind bullet-proof glass, hangs inclined at a slight angle on the wall of the basilica behind the altar. At this point, there is a wide gap between the wall and the sanctuary facilitating closer viewing from moving walkways set Pope Benedict XIV — in the papal bull Non est Equidem of May 25, 1754, declared Our Lady of Guadalupe patroness of what was then named "New Spain", corresponding to Spanish Central and Northern America, and included liturgical texts for the Catholic Mass and the Roman Breviary in her honor. The next day, Sunday, December 10, 1531, in the Julian calendar, Juan Diego spoke to the Archbishop a second time. The latter instructed him to return to Tepeyac and to ask the woman for a truly acceptable, miraculous sign to prove her identity. Later that day, the third apparition appeared when Juan Diego returned to Tepeyac; encountering the same woman, he reported to her the Archbishop's request for a sign, which she consented to provide on the next day (December 11). [5] Lo que nos manifiestan los evangelios canónicos, nos muestran de María que es una presencia discreta. Esa cierta penumbra de su presencia, está justificada porque los evangelistas tienen como objetivo anunciar a Jesucristo, manifestar su condición de Hijo de Dios y los signos que muestran esa condición. Lo que dicen los Evangelios Lo poco que nos cuentan los evangelios es suficiente para ver determinadas actitudes que nos hablan de sensibilidad: las bodas de Caná, la visita a su prima, embarazada de seis meses. El guardar en su corazón lo que escuchaba a su Hijo, guardándolo todo en su interior, seguramente para ir descubriendo la grandeza de quien las había pronunciado y ver la realidad por los ojos de Aquel.

At this place [Tepeyac], [the Indians] had a temple dedicated to the mother of the gods, whom they called Tonantzin, which means Our Mother. There they performed many sacrifices in honor of this goddess ... And now that a church of Our Lady of Guadalupe is built there, they also called her Tonantzin, being motivated by those preachers who called Our Lady, the Mother of God, Tonantzin. While it is not known for certain where the beginning of Tonantzin may have originated, but this we know for certain, that, from its first usage, the word refers to the ancient Tonantzin. And it was viewed as something that should be remedied, for their having [native] name of the Mother of God, Holy Mary, instead of Tonantzin, but Dios inantzin. It appears to be a Satanic invention to cloak idolatry under the confusion of this name, Tonantzin. And they now come to visit from very far away, as far away as before, which is also suspicious, because everywhere there are many churches of Our Lady and they do not go to them. They come from distant lands to this Tonantzin as in olden times. [37] The venerated image of Our Lady of Guadalupe features a full-length representation of a young woman with delicate features and straight, dark hair in a centre parting. She stands facing the viewer's left, with her hands joined in prayer and head slightly inclined down, gazing with heavy-lidded eyes at a spot below and to her right (the left of the viewer). Issued a decree raising the shrine of Guadalupe in Coro, Venezuela, to the status of Minor Basilica on December 6, 2008.Theo significa "dios" y "tokos" se refiere a parto. El título le fue concedido solemnemente a María en el Concilio de Éfeso de 431. Anteriormente el Concilio de Nicea I de 325 había declarado que las dos naturalezas de Jesucristo, humana y divina, estaban unidas y eran inseparables en una sola persona de la Santísima Trinidad.

Consuelo, auxilio, esperanza, Reina y, sobre todo, Madre: "¡Madre! —Llámala fuerte, fuerte. —Te escucha, te ve en peligro quizá, y te brinda, tu Madre Santa María, con la gracia de su Hijo, el consuelo de su regazo, la ternura de sus caricias: y te encontrarás reconfortado para la nueva lucha". Camino, 516 El amor de los cristianos a la Virgen y el culto que se le profesa aunque del todo singular, es esencialmente diferente del culto de adoración que se da al Verbo encarnado, lo mismo que al Padre y al Espíritu Santo. El amor a la Virgen es camino para llegar a Dios y encuentra su expresión en las fiestas litúrgicas dedicadas a la Madre de Dios presentes en todos los pueblos y en la oración mariana, como el Santo Rosario, "síntesis de todo el Evangelio". Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica 971 Under Pope John Paul II the move to beatify Juan Diego intensified. John Paul II took a special interest in non-European Catholics and saints. During his leadership, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints declared Juan Diego "venerable" (in 1987), and the pope himself announced his beatification on May 6, 1990, during a Mass at the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City, declaring him "protector and advocate of the indigenous peoples", with December 9 established as his feast day. [56] La Maternidad divina de María es la raíz de todas las perfecciones y privilegios que la adornan. Por ese título, fue concebida inmaculada y está llena de gracia, es siempre virgen, subió en cuerpo y alma a los cielos, ha sido coronada como Reina de la creación entera, por encima de los ángeles y de los santos. Más que Ella, sólo Dios. La Santísima Virgen, por ser Madre de Dios, posee una dignidad en cierto modo infinita, del bien infinito que es Dios. No hay peligro de exagerar. Nunca profundizaremos bastante en este misterio inefable; nunca podremos agradecer suficientemente a Nuestra Madre esta familiaridad que nos ha dado con la Trinidad Beatísima. Amigos de Dios, 276 Nuestra Madre es modelo de correspondencia a la gracia y, al contemplar su vida, el Señor nos dará luz para que sepamos divinizar nuestra existencia ordinaria. A lo largo del año, cuando celebramos las fiestas marianas, y en bastantes momentos de cada jornada corriente, los cristianos pensamos muchas veces en la Virgen. Si aprovechamos esos instantes, imaginando cómo se conduciría Nuestra Madre en las tareas que nosotros hemos de realizar, poco a poco iremos aprendiendo: y acabaremos pareciéndonos a Ella, como los hijos se parecen a su madre. Es Cristo que pasa, 173Another account is the Codex Escalada, dating from the sixteenth century, a sheet of parchment recording apparitions of the Virgin Mary and the figure of Juan Diego, which reproduces the glyph of Antonio Valeriano alongside the signature of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún. It contains the following glosses: "1548 Also in that year of 1531 appeared to Cuahtlatoatzin our beloved mother the Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico. Cuahtlatoatzin died worthily" [40] The first theory to promote a Nahuatl origin was that of Luis Becerra Tanco. [61] In his 1675 work Felicidad de Mexico, Becerra Tanco said that Juan Bernardino and Juan Diego would not have been able to understand the name Guadalupe because the "d" and "g" sounds do not exist in Nahuatl. [ citation needed]

The Philippines regained full sovereignty from the United States on 4 July 1946, with the establishment of the Third Philippine Republic. Almost two years later on 12 January 1948 (the 200th anniversary of the death of the foundress) Pope Pius XII issued the Decree of Definitive Pontifical Approbation of the Constitutions, placing the congregation directly under Rome. Pedro Vidal, Consultor for the Society of Jesus in the Sacred Congregation of Religious, represented the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary at the signing of the decree in 1948. Archbishop of Zamboanga Luís del Rosario, SJ then serving as Apostolic Visitator of the congregation, played a vital role in the process which led to the granting of the final decree. [4] La Virgen María, como madre de Dios, y la persona más cercana a Jesús, es la intercesora del alma humana a la hora de la muerte. Como expresa la Salve Regina, la Virgen es para los fieles "madre de misericordia, vida, dulzura y esperanza nuestra". Es la única que con sus ruegos puede pedir a Jesús por el alma humana. Con su presencia da balance a la imagen de "Dios como juez" y "Dios como amor". The present image shows the 1791 nitric acid spill on the top right side, unaffecting the subject matter's aureola. [A] [63] Physical description [ edit ] No olvides, amigo mío, que somos niños. La Señora del dulce nombre, María, está recogida en oración. Tú eres, en aquella casa, lo que quieras ser: un amigo, un criado, un curioso, un vecino... —Yo ahora no me atrevo a ser nada. Me escondo detrás de ti y, pasmado, contemplo la escena: El Arcángel dice su embajada... Quomodo fiet istud, quoniam virum non cognosco?— ¿De qué modo se hará esto si no conozco varón? (Luc., I, 34.) La voz de nuestra Madre agolpa en mi memoria, por contraste, todas las impurezas de los hombres..., las mías también. Y ¡cómo odio entonces esas bajas miserias de la tierra!... ¡Qué propósitos! Fiat mihi secundum verbum tuum. —Hágase en mí según tu palabra. (Luc., I, 38.) Al encanto de estas palabras virginales el Verbo se hizo carne. Va a terminar la primera decena... Aún tengo tiempo de decir a mi Dios, antes que mortal alguno: Jesús, te amo. Santo Rosario, primer misterio gozoso. In 1995, Father Xavier Escalada, a Jesuit whose four volume Guadalupe encyclopedia had just been published, announced the existence of a sheet of parchment (known as Codex Escalada), which bore an illustrated account of the vision and some notations in Nahuatl concerning the life and death of Juan Diego. Previously unknown, the document was dated 1548. It bore the signatures of Antonio Valeriano and Bernardino de Sahagún, which are considered to verify its contents. The codex was the subject of an appendix to the Guadalupe encyclopedia, published in 1997. [22] Some scholars remained unconvinced, one describing the discovery of the Codex as "rather like finding a picture of St. Paul's vision of Christ on the road to Damascus, drawn by St. Luke and signed by St. Peter." [59] Marian title [ edit ] Virgin of Guadalupe, September 1, 1824. Oil on canvas by Isidro Escamilla. Brooklyn Museum.The post-war years saw expansion to the whole of the Philippine archipelago. In 1948 they opened a college on their school campus in Davao City, which has grown into the University of the Immaculate Conception. [5] In 1963 the congregation numbered 483 professed Sisters, 40 novices, and 9 postulants.