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Rogers, S. M.; Matheson, T.; Despland, E.; Dodgson, T.; Burrows, M.; Simpson, S. J. (2003). "Mechanosensory-induced behavioral gregarization in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria". Journal of Experimental Biology. 206 (22): 3991–4002. doi: 10.1242/jeb.00648. PMID 14555739. S2CID 10665260.

At small colony sizes, these rules manifest as group raids, and as colony size increases—either experimentally or over evolutionary time—these rules give rise to mass raids. The team concluded that expansions in colony size in the ancestors of army ants are sufficient to have caused the transition from group raiding to mass raiding behavior. Army ants have two phases of activity–a nomadic (wandering) phase and a stationary (statary) phase–that constantly cycle, and can be found throughout all army ant species. [8] No taxonomic distinction is made between locust and grasshopper species; the basis for the definition is whether a species forms swarms under intermittently suitable conditions. In English, the term "locust" is used for grasshopper species that change morphologically and behaviourally on crowding, forming swarms that develop from bands of immature stages called hoppers. The change is referred to in the technical literature as "density-dependent phenotypic plasticity". Oliveira EG, Srygley RB, Dudley R. Do Neotropical migrant butterflies navigate using a solar compass? J Exp Biol. 1998;201:3317–31. These species have two behavioral phases: a stationary (or sedentary) phase and a nomadic (or wandering) phase. In the stationary phase, which lasts between two and three weeks, the ants reduce their activity. During this time the larvae transform into pupae and the queen’s abdominal area increases in size due to the large number of eggs she produces.

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Odermatt J, Frommen JG, Menz MHM. Consistent behavioural differences between migratory and resident hoverflies. Anim Behav. 2017;127:187–95.

In the Haouran region, Fellahs who were in poverty and suffered from famine ate locusts after removing the guts and head, while locusts were swallowed whole by Bedouins. [77] Syrians, Copts, Greeks, Armenians, and other Christians and Arabs themselves reported that in Arabia locusts were eaten frequently and one Arab described to a European traveler the different types of locusts which were favored as food by Arabs. [78] [79] Persians use the Anti-Arab racial slur Arabe malakh-khor ( Persian: عرب ملخ خور, literally "Arab locust eater") against Arabs. [80] [81] [82] Grehan, James (2014). Twilight of the Saints:Everyday Religion in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Oxford University Press. p.1. Whitehouse, David (2003-05-10). "Ant history revealed". Science & Environment. BBC News Online . Retrieved 2009-01-14.A documentary by Carl Rettenmeyer of University of Connecticut: Associates of Eciton burchelli (2009) Kronauer, Daniel J. C. (2020). Army Ants. Cambridge, MA. ISBN 978-0-674-24941-7. OCLC 1224277932. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) a b c Showler, Allan T. (2008). "Desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae) plagues". In John L. Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer. pp.1181–1186. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.