Slug Nematodes 12million (Treats 40sq.m)

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Borgonie G, García-Moyano A, Litthauer D, Bert W, Bester A, van Heerden E, Möller C, Erasmus M, Onstott TC (2 June 2011). "Nematoda from the terrestrial deep subsurface of South Africa". Nature. 474 (7349): 79–82. Bibcode: 2011Natur.474...79B. doi: 10.1038/nature09974. hdl: 1854/LU-1269676. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 21637257. S2CID 4399763. Nemaslug is an effective alternative to chemicals. It is safe to use and harmless to children, pets, birds and wildlife. Because larvae feed on plant roots, beneath the soil surface, severe damage can be done before realizing there is a problem. Look for signs of an adult insect, such as leaf-notching.

Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of ammonia through the body wall, and is not associated with any specific organs. However, the structures for excreting salt to maintain osmoregulation are typically more complex. [49] Inclusion of a pesticide product does not indicate a recommendation or endorsement by the RHS. It is a list of products currently available to the home gardener Deep-sea species' loss could lead to oceans' collapse, study suggests". EurekAlert! (Press release). 27 December 2007. Arguably a gardeners number one pest! They feed on a wide range of plants causing severe damage on older plants and killing young plants.These are parasitic nematodes that prey on molluscs. They enter the slug and then release a bacteria that kills it. The nematodes then eat the slug and multiply. The phylogenetic relationships of the nematodes and their close relatives among the protostomian Metazoa are unresolved. Traditionally, they were held to be a lineage of their own, but in the 1990s, they were proposed to form the group Ecdysozoa together with moulting animals, such as arthropods. The identity of the closest living relatives of the Nematoda has always been considered to be well resolved. Morphological characters and molecular phylogenies agree with placement of the roundworms as a sister taxon to the parasitic Nematomorpha; together, they make up the Nematoida. Along with the Scalidophora (formerly Cephalorhyncha), the Nematoida form the clade Cycloneuralia, but much disagreement occurs both between and among the available morphological and molecular data. The Cycloneuralia or the Introverta—depending on the validity of the former—are often ranked as a superphylum. [34] If you apply Nemaslug in the early autumn you will reduce the number of slugs laying eggs and consequently reduce the new population emerging in the spring. Unlike some controls, Nemaslug continues to work well during wet weather – exactly when you need protection against slugs!

The grey field slug is highly vulnerable to the nematode but larger species are only susceptible when they are young and small. When they eat useful parts of plants, potatoes and strawberries for example, action has to be taken. Warm moist soils make ideal conditions for gardeners to apply slug-killing nematodes. Nematodes leave no residues in food so can be used in strawberries and salads close to harvest. Nemaslug slug nematodes is a natural organic pest control which is environmentally friendly. Slug nematodes are microscopic, transparent worms, which feed and multiply inside the slug. Easy to apply and completely safe to use around children, pets and wildlife, making it the perfect solution for organic gardening. The less common name is Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Chafer grubs. If your lawn has yellow patches and looks like it has been dug up, chances are you have chafer grubs. The damage comes from the birds, foxes and badgers who dig for these tasty morsels. The grubs can be controlled by the nematode Heterorhabitis bacteriophora, one of the oldest known and best of the insect parasitic nematodes. It is best to deal with the young grubs in August and early September. Controls: Predatory mites ( Hypoaspisand Ambyseius species) and mighty mite ( Macrocheles robustulus) can be used. The predatory bug Orius laevigatus is also sometimes available.The nematode biological control (containing Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae) sold as Fruit and Vegetable Protection can be used indoors and outside.However, in 1910, Grobben proposed the phylum Aschelminthes and the nematodes were included as class Nematoda along with class Rotifera, class Gastrotricha, class Kinorhyncha, class Priapulida, and class Nematomorpha (The phylum was later revived and modified by Libbie Henrietta Hyman in 1951 as Pseudoceolomata, but remained similar). In 1932, Potts elevated the class Nematoda to the level of phylum, leaving the name the same. Despite Potts' classification being equivalent to Cobbs', both names have been used (and are still used today) and Nematode became a popular term in zoological science. [32] Nematodes have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem: from marine (salt) to fresh water, soils, from the polar regions to the tropics, as well as the highest to the lowest of elevations. They are ubiquitous in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, where they often outnumber other animals in both individual and species counts, and are found in locations as diverse as mountains, deserts, and oceanic trenches. They are found in every part of the earth's lithosphere, [15] even at great depths, 0.9–3.6km (3,000–12,000ft) below the surface of the Earth in gold mines in South Africa. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] They represent 90% of all animals on the ocean floor. [21]

Smiley RW, Dababat AA, Iqbal S, Jones MG, Maafi ZT, Peng D, Subbotin SA, Waeyenberge L (2017). "Cereal Cyst Nematodes: A Complex and Destructive Group of Heterodera Species". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 101 (10): 1692–1720. doi: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0355-fe. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30676930.Slugs and snails, along with other animals including conches and limpets, are gastropods. A gastropod is a single shelled, soft-bodied animal in the mollusc group of animals. The name gastropod comes from the Greek words gaster, meaning stomach, and poda, meaning feet. All gastropods have a muscular foot that they use to move around. Slugs have evolved to have a reduced shell that often cannot be seen from the outside. Lambshead PJ, Boucher G (2003). "Marine nematode deep-sea biodiversity—hyperdiverse or hype?". Journal of Biogeography. 30 (4): 475–485. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00843.x. S2CID 86504164. It is important to choose the correct nematode for the right type of pest. And to use them in the right conditions. Nemaslug, is a natural organic pest control - environmentally friendly and is 100% safe for children, cats, dogs, other pets and wildlife.

Eggs may be embryonated or unembryonated when passed by the female, meaning their fertilized eggs may not yet be developed. A few species are known to be ovoviviparous. The eggs are protected by an outer shell, secreted by the uterus. In free-living roundworms, the eggs hatch into larvae, which appear essentially identical to the adults, except for an underdeveloped reproductive system; in parasitic roundworms, the lifecycle is often much more complicated. [49] The structure of the eggshell is complicated and includes several layers; a detailed anatomical and terminological framework has been proposed for these layers in 2023. [54] Nematodes are recommended for use whenever larvae or grubs are present. Generally, this is during spring and autumn. Barriers, thought to repel slugs, include rough or sharp textured mulches and substances thought to be distasteful or strong smelling. Copper-base barriers have been shown to repel slugs in some studies. A recent RHS studyin a garden-realistic scenario however, found no reduction in slug damage from barriers made of copper tape, bark mulch, eggshells, sharp grit or wool pellets The nematodes come complete with instructions and can be applied using a watering can or nematode applicator. You just apply to moist soil when the soil temperature is above 5ºC (41ºF) and ensure the soil does not dry out for at least two weeks after applying nematodes. Nematodes are capable of surviving the odd frost; so don't worry if the temperature falls after you have applied the nematodes. They are perfectly natural and already present in your soil. By applying more of the nematodes, you are just increasing the numbers and, therefore, the number of slugs that they kill. Benefits of Using Slug NematodesOne application of Nemaslug provides 300,000 nematodes for every square metre of soil, giving around six weeks control of slugs.