ProRep Snake Life Lignocel Substrate, 25L

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Verardi A, De Bari I, Ricca E, Calabrò V (2012) Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: current status of processes and technologies and future perspectives. In: Lima MAP, Natalense APP (ed) Bioethanol. InTech, Rijeka,pp95–122 Royals will take a long soak from time to time. You’ll find it a common occurrence in the warmer summer months, as well as an increased possibility when the Royal is due to shed. A good soak will aid their cooling, and ease shedding. Reptichip is a popular brand that makes its substrate from 100% coconut husks. You have to fill up a plastic container and submerge it. You’ll notice bubbles escaping, and slowly but surely, it’ll keep expanding. Exo-1, 4-β-D-glucanases: The function of this enzyme is to free up the D-glucose and cellobiose and hydrolyze cellobiose gradually. Also, the fact a tub opens from above. Many snakes, certainly when young, get a little jumpy about this due to them naturally and instinctively expecting many predators to come from above.

In this pre-treatment method, the surface area of biomass increased due to reduction in size and reduction in crystallinity index of the cellulose by techniques like mechanical comminution, extrusion and freezing. Each technique needs some optimum conditions, and a specific tool for biomass degradation like comminution needs milling tools, freezing needs low-temperature apparatus and extrusion needs extruder. Overall, physical methods are efficient, but the expense and power requirement is much higher than causes their restricted use. Zhang et al. [ 61] applied the extrusion pre-treatment on rice hull for enhanced hydrolysis yield. The optimum extrusion conditions used for the pre-treatment were 143 °C temperature, screw speed of 350 rpm and material diameter and moisture of 60 mesh and 29%, respectively. Huang et al. [ 62] applied ball milling on LCB (bagasse and Pennisetum) along with a small amount of alkali. The results revealed that the small alkali dosage could enhance the saccharification of bagasse and Pennisetum. Meng and Wang [ 63] used vacuum freeze-drying to pre-treat biomass, i.e. switchgrass, wheat straw and poplar. This study blended the samples with distilled water and frozen at –20 °C, followed by drying samples at − 52.1 °C. The results showed an enhanced pore structure of biomass through the water to ice transformation. Chemical Pre-treatment You should be aiming for around 50% humidity, although this will dip up and down naturally during the day and night. Remember, this is a forever home for your Royal, so aim big (4ft+). It’s absolute nonsense that they get scared in large enclosures and hide away all the time. These a shy snakes and hide away a fair amount anyway. Bakri Y, Akeed Y, Jawhar M, Arabi MIE (2020) Evaluation of xylanase production from filamentous fungi with different lifestyles. Acta Aliment 49:197–203. https://doi.org/10.1556/066.2020.49.2.9Li F, Xie Y, Gao X, Shan M, Sun C, Niu YD, Shan A (2020) Screening of cellulose degradation bacteria from Min pigs and optimization of its cellulase production. Electron J Biotechnol 48:29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.001 Lignocel however is very cheap, and you can create a deep substrate for your Royal to burrow down into. This offersa little mental and physical stimulation.

This snake species will often occupy the more arid savannahs, as well as other grasslands of Africa.

Best temperature at night

Hemp is made from the stem of the plant rather than the leaves. It makes soft, fibrous bedding that’s not unlike aspen. A mixture of the cleaner bugs and the natural odour and gasses earth and plants produce seem to aid the masking of such smells. Globally, the mankind is witnessing the most significant challenges with the utilization of fossil fuels in a more sustained way and the generation of energy from alternate and renewable sources. With a growing population and rising living standards, the energy demand is ever-increasing worldwide. The energy and chemicals produced from fossil-based resources are used universally for development; however, fossil fuel burning aggravates environmental challenges like global warming, climate change and pollution load. Therefore, finding alternative sources for energy and chemical generation in a clean and green way is need-of-the-hour [ 1]. One of the best alternatives to fossil-reliant resources is lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), the copious raw material to produce energy in a viable way. It minimizes dependency on petroleum-based fossil fuels [ 2]. LCB is obtained from plants and can be used as a substrate for biofuel production. It is an inexpensive, renewable resource that is abundantly available and acts as a resource for the extensive and economical production of bioenergy and other compounds [ 3]. LCB is a complex material made of three prime parts—cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin—and other components like pectin, protein, extractives and inorganic compounds minerals, which are also present in it a minimal quantity [ 4]. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute 70–80% by dry weight, while lignin constitutes about 10–25% [ 5]. In the LCB complex, lignin being a recalcitrant requires specific pre-treatment to hydrolyze the cellulose and hemicellulose part into their respective sugars [ 2]. It can transform LCB components’ dissociation into simpler compounds that can be transformed into several value-added bioproducts and biofuels. Along with LCB, by-products from numerous industrial and human sectors (e.g. food industry, pulp and paper industry, municipal solid waste and bioethanol production) can be utilized as renewable resources for biorefinery and circular economy (CE) actualization [ 6]. According to many studies, the LCB has excellent potential for generating chemicals and fuels in a sustainable way [ 7, 8]. Being a bio-resource for energy production, LCB can support enormous possibilities after an intensive evaluation of production cost, availability and market demand [ 9]. The plant biomass, which contains 90% lignocellulosic materials, amount to 200 × 10 9 t/year, out of which only 8–20 × 10 9 tons is used potentially [ 10]. I find it wonderful seeing my 5ft Royal stretched out the length of his setup, basking under the UVB early morning and late evening. It makes for some great photos 😉

For the Arcadia Deep Heat Projector (DHP) I use a Microclimate Evo thermostat. This allows you to have all three of the above mentioned options available to you in one thermostat, making it the best thermostat on the market. I opt for the dimming method with the DHP.

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Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Singh S, Pillai S (2021) Enhanced xylanase and endoglucanase production from Beauveria bassiana SAN01, an entomopathogenic fungal endophyte. Fungal Biol 125:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2020.10.003 Carus M, Dammer L (2018) The circular bioeconomy—concepts, opportunities, and limitations. Ind Biotechnol 14:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2018.29121.mca Garlapati VK, Chandel AK, Kumar SJ, Sharma S, Sevda S, Ingle AP, Pant D (2020) Circular economy aspects of lignin: towards a lignocellulose biorefinery. Renew Sust Energy Rev 130:109977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109977 Zhang YP (2008) Reviving the carbohydrate economy via multi-product lignocellulose biorefineries. J Ind Microbial Biotechnol 35:367–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-007-0293-6

In the case of enzymatic hydrolysis, a mixture of different enzymes extracted from microorganisms are used to hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose. It can hydrolyze hemicellulose efficiently as compared to cellulose. Cellulose is more stable and has a crystalline structure; therefore, it cannot be easily depolymerized. The cellulase complex is used to hydrolyze cellulose. The complex of cellulase contains three main enzymes that act on cellulose and hydrolyze it into reducing sugar [ 81]: Pearce DW, Ker R (1991) Economics of natural resources and the environment. Land Econ 67:272–276. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146419Cypress mulch is similar to Aspen in that it’s made of wood that’s shaved into tiny pieces (mulched). Tsai JH, Ko YL, Huang CM, Chiang HL (2019) Effects of blending ethanol with gasoline on the performance of motorcycle catalysts and airborne pollutant emissions. Aerosol Air Qual Res 19:2781–2792. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.10.0539 Take all of the bedding out and clean the enclosure fully with an antibacterial spray. Allow your snake’s living space to dry before replacing the bedding, and finally, reintroduce the snake to its home. Which Bedding for Corn Snakes Should I Buy? Your substrate choice here will directly impact on the amount of cleaning and maintenance you are required to do. Mohan SV, Varjani S, Pant D, Sauer M, Chang JS (2020) Circular bioeconomy approaches for sustainability. Bioresour Technol 318:124084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124084