ALKANI Industrial Coat Tree Coat Rack Stand, Hat Rack Umbrella Stand Coat Tree, Hall Tree Free Standing, With 6 Beech Wood Hooks, For Clothes, Hat, Bag

Product Information

Najenostavnejši alkan je metan (CH 4), sicer pa število ogljikovih atomov navzgor ni omejeno. Edina omejitev je, da je spojina sestavljena samo iz ogljika in vodika in da je nasičena, se pravi da ima samo enojne vezi.

Alkanes with more than three carbon atoms can be arranged in various ways, forming structural isomers. The simplest isomer of an alkane is the one in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a single chain with no branches. This isomer is sometimes called the n-isomer ( n for "normal", although it is not necessarily the most common). However, the chain of carbon atoms may also be branched at one or more points. The number of possible isomers increases rapidly with the number of carbon atoms. For example, for acyclic alkanes: [3] Određivanje bočnih lanaca. Bočni lanci su ugljikovi lanci koji nisu dio glavnog lanca, nego se granaju s njega. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Find sources: "Alkali"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( June 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Po IUPAC metodu, imenovanje alkana je prilično jednostavno. Imena svih alkana završavaju na -an. Prefiks je baziran na broju atoma ugljika pojedinog alkana.Branched alkanes can be chiral. For example, 3-methylhexane and its higher homologues are chiral due to their stereogenic center at carbon atom number 3. The above list only includes differences of connectivity, not stereochemistry. In addition to the alkane isomers, the chain of carbon atoms may form one or more rings. Such compounds are called cycloalkanes, and are also excluded from the above list because changing the number of rings changes the molecular formula. For example, cyclobutane and methylcyclopropane are isomers of each other (C 4H 8), but are not isomers of butane (C 4H 10).

Imena funkcionalnih grupa nastalih iz alkana se izvode iz imena alkana tako što se dodaje nastavak -il, naprimjer, funkcionalna grupa CH 3 nastala iz metana naziva se metil grupa, CH 2CH 3 je etil grupa itd. Ovaj članak ili neki od njegovih odlomaka nije dovoljno potkrijepljen izvorima (literatura, veb-sajtovi ili drugi izvori). Ako se pravilno ne potkrijepe pouzdanim izvorima, sporne rečenice i navodi mogli bi biti izbrisani. Pomozite Wikipediji tako što ćete navesti validne izvore putem referenci te nakon toga možete ukloniti ovaj šablon.William Reusch. "Examples of the IUPAC Rules in Practice". Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016 . Retrieved 5 April 2007. methane CH 4 – one carbon and 4 hydrogen ethane C 2H 6 – two carbon and 6 hydrogen propane C 3H 8 – three carbon and 8 hydrogen butane C 4H 10 – four carbon and 10 hydrogen pentane C 5H 12 – five carbon and 12 hydrogen hexane C 6H 14 – six carbon and 14 hydrogen heptane C 7H 16 – seven carbons and 16 hydrogen octane C 8H 18 – eight carbons and 18 hydrogen sagorevanje (može biti: potpuno - produkti su ugljen dioksid i vodena para i nepotpuno produkti su mešavina vodene pare, ugljen monoksida i čađi

Hidron je opći pojam za vodikov kation; međutim, procij, deuterij i tricij su hidroni. Hidrona nema u težim izotopima. Bočni lanci se grupiraju na sljedeći način: 12-butil-4,8-dietil. (No to nije finalno grupiranje, jer se funkcionalne skupine mogu dodati između.) In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. [1] Alkanes have the general chemical formula C nH 2 n+2. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane ( CH 4), where n=1 (sometimes called the parent molecule), to arbitrarily large and complex molecules, like pentacontane ( C 50H 102) or 6-ethyl-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) octane, an isomer of tetradecane ( C 14H 30).

Karakteristične kemijske reakcije alkana

Under standard conditions, from CH 4 to C 4H 10 alkanes are gaseous; from C 5H 12 to C 17H 36 they are liquids; and after C 18H 38 they are solids. As the boiling point of alkanes is primarily determined by weight, it should not be a surprise that the boiling point has an almost linear relationship with the size ( molecular weight) of the molecule. As a rule of thumb, the boiling point rises 20–30°C for each carbon added to the chain; this rule applies to other homologous series. [18] a b William Reusch. "Nomenclature – Alkanes". Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016 . Retrieved 5 April 2007.

Pri standardnih pogojih so zato alkani od CH 4 do C 4H 10 plinasti, od C 5H 12 do C 17H 36 tekoči, od C 18H 38 pa trdni. Izvodi se naziv spoja: prvo se napiše broj atoma C na koji je vezan atom ili skupina atoma, a zatim naziv tog atoma ili skupine. Nazivi atoma ili skupina navode se abecednim redom, a između elemenata (brojevi te nazivi atoma ili skupina) pišu se povlake. Ako su na jedan atom C vezana dva ili više atoma (ili skupina), broj tog atoma se piše dva (ili više) puta, brojevi se odvajaju zarezom, a nazivu atoma ili skupine dodaje se prefiks - grčki broj atoma ili skupine. U kemiji se često koriste prefiksi, interfiksi i sufiksi za opisivanje vrste i položaja funkcijske skupine unutar kemijskog spoja. Ouellette, Robert J.; Rawn, J. David (1 January 2015). "Alkanes and Cycloalkanes". Principles of Organic Chemistry. Elsevier. pp.65–94. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802444-7.00003-3. ISBN 978-0-12-802444-7.The word "alkali" is derived from Arabic al qalīy (or alkali), [1] meaning the calcined ashes (see calcination), referring to the original source of alkaline substances. A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called potash and composed mostly of potassium carbonate, was mildly basic. After heating this substance with calcium hydroxide ( slaked lime), a far more strongly basic substance known as caustic potash ( potassium hydroxide) was produced. Caustic potash was traditionally used in conjunction with animal fats to produce soft soaps, one of the caustic processes that rendered soaps from fats in the process of saponification, one known since antiquity. Plant potash lent the name to the element potassium, which was first derived from caustic potash, and also gave potassium its chemical symbol K (from the German name Kalium), which ultimately derived from al kali.