A History of Bangladesh

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KEY FINDINGS HIES 2022" (PDF) (Press release). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. p.15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2023 . Retrieved 13 April 2023. According to senior World Bank officials, the Pakistani government practised extensively economic discrimination against East Pakistan. Despite generating 70 per cent of Pakistan's export revenue with jute and tea, [123] East Pakistan received much less government spending than West Pakistan. Economists in East Pakistan, including Rehman Sobhan and Nurul Islam among others, demanded a separate foreign exchange account for the eastern wing. The economists paraphrased Pakistan's Two-Nation Theory ideology against India, by pointing to the existence of two different economies with Pakistan itself, dubbed the Two-Economies Theory. [124] [125] [126] [127] The central government also refused to release foreign aid allocated for East Pakistan. [128] The populist leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested for treason in the Agartala Conspiracy Case and was released during the 1969 uprising in East Pakistan which resulted in Ayub Khan's resignation. General Yahya Khan assumed power, reintroducing martial law.

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( June 2020) Though threatened by Indian expansion and Portuguese raiders, the land remained largely autonomous until June 1757 when the British sent soldiers under Robert Clive to defeat a force led by local ruler Nawab Siraj-ud-Dwola at the Battle of Plassey (known locally as Polashi). The colonial British were content to leave the zamindars – owners of vast landed estates – in control. Most of these were upper-caste Hindus, as were the agents who collected money from the mainly Muslim peasants; these city-dwelling agents became the core of a new middle class, the bhadralok.Lailufar Yasmin. "Struggle for the Soul of Bangladesh". Institute for Global Change . Retrieved 10 January 2022. Modern Bangladesh has produced many of South Asia's leading painters, including SM Sultan, Mohammad Kibria, Shahabuddin Ahmed, Kanak Chanpa Chakma, Kafil Ahmed, Saifuddin Ahmed, Qayyum Chowdhury, Rashid Choudhury, Quamrul Hassan, Rafiqun Nabi and Syed Jahangir, among others. Novera Ahmed and Nitun Kundu were the country's pioneers of modernist sculpture.

The Sixty Dome Mosque was the largest medieval mosque built in Bangladesh and is a fine example of Turkic-Bengali architecture. The Mughal style replaced indigenous architecture when Bengal became a province of the Mughal Empire and influenced urban housing development. The Kantajew Temple and Dhakeshwari Temple are excellent examples of late medieval Hindu temple architecture. Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture, based on Indo-Islamic styles, flourished during the British period. The zamindar gentry in Bangladesh built numerous Indo-Saracenic palaces and country mansions, such as the Ahsan Manzil, Tajhat Palace, Dighapatia Palace, Puthia Rajbari and Natore Rajbari. The Hussain Shahi dynasty established royal libraries during the Bengal Sultanate. Libraries were established in each district of Bengal by the Zamindar gentry during the Bengal Renaissance in the 19th century. The trend of establishing libraries continued until the beginning of World War II. In 1854, four major public libraries were opened, including the Bogra Woodburn Library, the Rangpur Public Library, the Jessore Institute Public Library, and the Barisal Public Library.

Government

Nelson, Dean (12 December 2013). "Bangladesh hangs 'Butcher of Mirpur' for 'war crimes' ". Telegraph . Retrieved 2013-12-18. According to the 2022 Census, Bangladesh has a population of 165.1 million, [13] and is the eighth-most-populous country in the world, the fifth-most populous country in Asia, and the most densely populated large country in the world, with a headline population density of 1,265 people/km 2 as of 2020 [update]. [368] Its total fertility rate (TFR), once among the highest in the world, has experienced a dramatic decline, from 5.5 in 1985 to 3.7 in 1995, down to 2.0 in 2020, [369] which is below the sub-replacement fertility of 2.1. [370] The vast majority of Bangladeshis live in rural areas, with only 39% of the population living in urban areas as of 2021 [update]. [371] It has a median age of roughly 28 years, with 26% of the total population aged 14 or younger, [372] and merely 5% aged 65 and above. [373] Bangladesh" (PDF). U.S. State Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022 . Retrieved 7 November 2016. Main articles: Museums in Bangladesh and List of libraries in Bangladesh The Varendra Research Museum in Rajshahi is the oldest surviving museum in Bangladesh.