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The plant is a allopolyploid species (2 n=48), [18] [19] which could be a result of hybridization and chromosome doubling. Mentha longifolia and Mentha suaveolens (2 n=24) are likely to be the contributing diploid species. [14] [20] [21] Hybrids [ edit ] Mentha spicata, spearmint". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 2017-12-12 . Retrieved 2017-06-19. Additionally, in a study in rats, spearmint essential oil was found to decrease testosterone and ovarian cysts and increase the number of viable eggs in the rats’ ovaries ( 11). a b c " Mentha spicata L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 2019-07-08 . Retrieved 2019-07-14.

Herrlinger KA, Nieman KM, Sanoshy KD, et al. Spearmint extract improves working memory in men and women with age-associated memory impairment. J Altern Complement Med. 2018;24(1):37-47. doi:10.1089/acm.2016.0379 In a longer, 30-day study in 41 women with PCOS, women who drank two cups a day of spearmint tea reported a reduction in their facial hair ( 10).a b c Vokou, D.; Kokkini, S. (1989-04-01). " Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae) chemotypes growing wild in Greece". Economic Botany. 43 (2): 192–202. doi: 10.1007/BF02859860. ISSN 1874-9364. S2CID 32109061. L-theanine: L-theanine is an amino acid found in green tea and other foods. It has been studied for its potential role in memory enhancement, especially in older adults. At the end of the study, people who received the spearmint-containing supplement reported less abdominal pain, discomfort and bloating compared to those in the placebo group. Similarly, in a 30-day randomized study, 42 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who drank spearmint tea twice a day had lower testosterone levels and higher LH and FSH levels compared to women who drank a placebo tea ( 10). Seidemann, Johannes (2005). World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy. New York: Springer. p.229. ISBN 978-3-540-22279-8.

Spearmint is a perennial herbaceous plant. It is 30–100cm (12–39in) tall, with variably hairless to hairy stems and foliage, and a wide-spreading fleshy underground rhizome from which it grows. The leaves are 3 + 1⁄ 2in) long and 1.5–3cm ( 1⁄ 2– 1 + 1⁄ 4in) broad, with a serrated margin. The stem is square-shaped, a defining characteristic of the mint family of herbs. Spearmint produces flowers in slender spikes, each flower pink or white in colour, 2.5–3mm (0.098–0.118in) long and broad. [12] [13] Spearmint flowers in the summer (from July to September in the northern hemisphere), [14] and has relatively large seeds, which measure 0.62–0.90mm (0.024–0.035in). [14] The name ''spear'' mint derives from the pointed leaf tips. [15] a b " Mentha spicata subsp. spicata". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 2019-07-08 . Retrieved 2019-07-14. Mint growing". www.dpi.nsw.gov.au. 2007-10-23. Archived from the original on 2018-12-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-05. Kadereit, Joachim W., ed. (2004). Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.VII. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.176. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2. ISBN 978-3-642-62200-7. S2CID 46574312.Fungal diseases are common diseases in spearmint. Two main diseases are rust and leaf spot. Puccinia menthae is a fungus that causes the disease called "rust". Rust affects the leaves of spearmint by producing pustules inducing the leaves to fall off. Leaf spot is a fungal disease that occurs when Alternaria alernata is present on the spearmint leaves. The infection looks like circular dark spot on the top side of the leaf. Other fungi that cause disease in spearmint are Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae, Phoma strasseri, and Erysiphe cischoracearum. [28] Nematode diseases [ edit ]