Guru

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The word guru (Sanskrit: गुरु), a noun, connotes "teacher" in Sanskrit, but in ancient Indian traditions it has contextual meanings with significance beyond what teacher means in English. [2] The guru is more than someone who teaches specific type of knowledge, and includes in its scope someone who is also a "counselor, a sort of parent of mind ( Citta) and Self ( Atman), who helps mold values ( Yamas and Niyamas) and experiential knowledge as much as specific knowledge, an exemplar in life, an inspirational source and who reveals the meaning of life." [2] The word has the same meaning in other languages derived from or borrowing words from Sanskrit, such as Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Bengali, Gujarati and Nepali. The Malayalam term Acharyan or Asan is derived from the Sanskrit word Acharya. In Vajrayana Buddhism's Tantric teachings, the rituals require the guidance of a guru. [12] The guru is considered essential and to the Buddhist devotee, the guru is the "enlightened teacher and ritual master", states Stephen Berkwitz. [12] The guru is known as the vajra guru (literally "diamond guru"). [87] Initiations or ritual empowerments are necessary before the student is permitted to practice a particular tantra, in Vajrayana Buddhist sects found in Tibet and South Asia. [12] The tantras state that the guru is equivalent to Buddha, states Berkwitz, and is a figure to worship and whose instructions should never be violated. [12] [13] [88] Description: Speaking from an inner experience combined with a clear understanding of the fundamental mechanics of enlightenment, Sadhguru’s answers throw scintillating light on a subject that is beginning to attract people’s attention like never before. Kranenborg, Reender (Dutch language) Een nieuw licht op de kerk? Bijdragen van nieuwe religieuze bewegingen voor de kerk van vandaag (En: A new perspective on the church? Contributions of new religious movements for today's church), the Hague Boekencentrum (1984) ISBN 90-239-0809-0 pp 93-99

The Guru Ganth Sahib Ji is kept in the Sikh place of worship, the Gurdwara. You can read more about the Gurdwara in the next chapter.

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Shi-va” is “that which is not”, a primordial emptiness; Shiva is also the first yogi, Adiyogi, the one who first perceived this emptiness. Adiyogi is symbol and myth, historic figure and living presence, creator and destroyer, outlaw and ascetic, cosmic dancer and passionate lover, all at once. The oldest references to the concept of guru are found in the earliest Vedic texts of Hinduism. [2] The guru, and gurukula – a school run by guru, were an established tradition in India by the 1st millennium BCE, and these helped compose and transmit the various Vedas, the Upanishads, texts of various schools of Hindu philosophy, and post-Vedic Shastras ranging from spiritual knowledge to various arts. [2] [5] [6] By about mid 1st millennium CE, archaeological and epigraphical evidence suggest numerous larger institutions of gurus existed in India, some near Hindu temples, where guru-shishya tradition helped preserve, create and transmit various fields of knowledge. [6] These gurus led broad ranges of studies including Hindu scriptures, Buddhist texts, grammar, philosophy, martial arts, music and painting. [6] [7] a b c Feuerstein, Georg Dr. Encyclopedic dictionary of yoga Published by Paragon House 1st edition (1990) ISBN 1-55778-244-X Strong, John S. (1995). The experience of Buddhism: sources and interpretations. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-534-19164-1. Guru is the spiritual preceptor in Jainism, and typically a role served by Jain ascetics. [8] [9] The guru is one of three fundamental tattva (categories), the other two being dharma (teachings) and deva ( divinity). [93] The guru-tattva is what leads a lay person to the other two tattva. [93] In some communities of the Śvētāmbara sect of Jainism, a traditional system of guru-disciple lineage exists. [94]

Description: A book that will help you discover the potential that lies within you and the joy you can derive from the simple act of eating. Interwoven throughout the book are Sadhguru’s insights into digestion, nourishment, classification of foods and more. Photographs and testimonials offer a glimpse of daily life at the Isha Yoga Center, a space designed for inner transformation.Environmental activists are sometimes called "gurus" or "prophets" for embodying a moral or spiritual authority and gathering followers. Examples of environmental gurus are John Muir, Henry David Thoreau, Aldo Leopold, George Perkins Marsh, and David Attenborough. Abidin et al. wrote that environmental gurus "merge the boundaries" between spiritual and scientific authority. [109] Viewpoints [ edit ] Jacob Copeman and Aya Ikegame (2012), The Guru in South Asia: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415510196 Knut A. Jacobsen (1 January 2008). Theory and Practice of Yoga: 'Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson. Motilal Banarsidass. pp.75–76. ISBN 978-81-208-3232-9 . Retrieved 28 June 2012. The Guru Granth Sahib was composed predominantly by six Sikh gurus: Guru Nanak, Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur. It also contains the traditions and teachings of fourteen Hindu Bhakti movement sants (saints), such as Ramananda, Kabir and Namdev among others, and one Muslim Sufi saint: Sheikh Farid. [10] [11]

The Guru Granth Sahib is placed on a takht close takht Raised dais or platform on which the Guru Granth Sahib is placed in the gurdwara. , which is a raised platform. This is under the manji close manji A small bed on which the Guru Granth Sahib is placed in the prayer hall. It has a wooden frame covered with webbed material, with three pillows and a white cloth. The Guru Granth Sahib rests upon the pillows. , which is a bed for the Guru Granth Sahib to be placed on. Above this there is the palki close palki The domed structure used to cover the raised area in the prayer hall where the Guru Granth Sahib is kept., which is a domed structure that covers the area that holds the Guru Granth Sahib. This is covered by the chanani close chanani A canopy made from decorated cloth above the Guru Granth Sahib in the prayer hall inside the gurdwara, which is a canopy made from decorated cloth known as the rumalla close rumalla Beautiful cloths or coverings which cover the Guru Granth Sahib when it is not being read.. As an alternative to established religions in the West, some people in Europe and the US looked to spiritual guides and gurus from India and other countries. Gurus from many denominations traveled to Western Europe and the US and established followings. The Guru Granth Sahib was completed in 1604 and installed in the Golden Temple close Golden Temple in Amritsar City in North-Western part of Indian. Spiritual centre for Sikhs.. This original copy is written in many different languages, reflecting its many different authors. Dutch original: "a. De goeroe als geestelijk raadsman Als we naar het verschijnsel goeroe in India kijken, kunnen we constateren dat er op zijn minst vier vormen van goeroeschap te onderscheiden zijn. De eerste vorm is die van de 'geestelijk raadsman'. Voordat we dit verder uitwerken eerst iets over de etymologie. Het woord goeroe komt uit het Sanskriet, wordt geschreven als 'guru' en betekent 'zwaar zijn', 'gewichtig zijn', vooral in figuurlijk opzicht. Zo krijgt het begrip 'guru' de betekenis van 'groot', 'geweldig' of 'belangrijk', en iets verdergaand krijgt het aspecten van 'eerbiedwaardig' en 'vererenswaardig'. Al vrij snel word dit toegepast op de 'geestelijk leraar'. In allerlei populaire literatuur, ook in India zelf, wordt het woord 'guru' uiteengelegd in 'gu' en 'ru', als omschrijvingen voor licht en duister; de goeroe is dan degene die zijn leerling uit het materiële duister overbrengt naar het geestelijk licht. Misschien doe een goeroe dat ook inderdaad, maar het heeft niets met de betekenis van het woord te maken, het is volksetymologie." The Guru Granth Sahib ( Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, pronounced [ɡʊɾuː ɡɾəntʰᵊ saːhɪb]) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and eternal Guru following the lineage of the ten human gurus of the religion. The Adi Granth ( Punjabi: ਆਦਿ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ), its first rendition, was compiled by the fifth guru, Guru Arjan (1564–1606). Its compilation was completed on 29 August 1604 and first installed inside Golden Temple in Amritsar on 1 September 1604. [3] Baba Buddha was appointed the first Granthi of the Golden Temple. Shortly afterwards Guru Hargobind added Ramkali Ki Vaar. Later, Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru, added hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur to the Adi Granth and affirmed the text as his successor. [4] This second rendition became known as the Guru Granth Sahib and is also sometimes referred to as the Adi Granth. [5] [6]Reender Kranenborg disagrees, stating that darkness and light have nothing to do with the word guru. He describes this as a folk etymology. [Note 5]

He explains how Bharata, India’s ancient moniker, was itself a powerful instrument. As Sadhguru explains, Bha-ra-ta encapsulates the sensations (Bhava), tune (Raga) and rhythm (Tala): “If you get the rhythm or the tala right, you will ride the raga – the tune that the source of creation has set – and life becomes beautiful.”Description: On the crossroads of a past that is rapidly slipping away and a future fraught with possibilities and challenges, India constantly seeks to establish its place in the modern world. In this ebook, Sadhguru looks at the past, present and future of this nation, and explores why Indian culture matters to every human being on the planet. The first copy of the holy book was installed in the Harmandir in 1604 (Golden Temple). The fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev deciphered the book. It was written by his uncle, Bhai Gurdas and it was printed in Punjabi. Guru ( / ˈ ɡ uː r uː/ Sanskrit: गुरु; IAST: guru; Pali : garu) is a Sanskrit term for a " mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. [1] In pan- Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverential figure to the disciple (or shisya in Sanskrit, literally seeker [of knowledge or truth]) or student, with the guru serving as a "counselor, who helps mold values, shares experiential knowledge as much as literal knowledge, an exemplar in life, an inspirational source and who helps in the spiritual evolution of a student". [2] Whatever language it is written in, Judith Simmer-Brown explains that a tantric spiritual text is often codified in an obscure twilight language so that it cannot be understood by anyone without the verbal explanation of a qualified teacher, the guru. [3] A guru is also one's spiritual guide, who helps one to discover the same potentialities that the guru has already realized. [4]