Physician's CHOICE Probiotics 60 Billion CFU - 10 Unique Strains + Organic Prebiotic, Crafted for Overall Digestive Health, Gut Health, Occasional Constipation, Gas & Bloating - 2 Month Supply

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Kabbani TA, Pallav K, Dowd SE, Villafuerte-Galvez J, Vanga RR, Castillo NE, et al. Prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and amoxicillin-clavulanate or the combination on the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers. Gut Microbes. 2017;8:17–32.

Qian XB, Chen T, Xu YP, Chen L, Sun FX, Lu MP, et al. A guide to human microbiome research: Study design, sample collection, and bioinformatics analysis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133:1844–55. At genus level, Bacteroides showed a decreasing trend in the probiotic supplemented group [ 53, 55, 57]. However, some studies reported a reduction of Bacteroides in both groups after antibiotic treatment, which showed a re-growing tendency during 3–8 weeks of follow-up [ 52, 58]. Patients with probiotic supplementation had a higher proportion of Escherichia spp. according to Cárdenas et al. [ 55], while two other studies reported that the addition of probiotics reduced the overgrowth of Escherichia compared to the control group [ 43, 61]. According to the study of Tang et al., where probiotic supplementation was continued for two more weeks after antibiotics cessation, the abundance of genus Enterococcus increased at weeks 2 and 4 of follow-up in the intervention group only [ 52]. Meanwhile, Wang et al. reported this increasing tendency in both groups at week 2. In their study, probiotics were suspended after the antibiotic cessation. However, by weeks 6, 8, and 9 of follow-up, the enrichment of Enterococcus had disappeared in both intervention and control groups as reported in both of the studies [ 52, 59]. Probiotic supplementation seems to help maintain the level of Bifidobacterium genus [ 50, 54, 62]. According to Plummer et al., Bifidobacterium decreased in both groups during antibiotic therapy but tended to increase after therapy cessation to day 35 of follow-up [ 58]. In the study of Kabbani et al., Roseburia prevalence was decreased by antibiotic treatment only; however, Tang et al. reported a significant reduction in both groups [ 52, 61]. Probiotic supplementation resulted either in an increase of Blautia in the intervention group or decrease in the control group only according to two studies [ 50, 54]. However, Tang et al. described a lower abundance of Blautia in both groups after antibiotic treatment, with a re-growing tendency with time regardless of probiotic supplementation [ 52].Specific strains of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, L. rhamnosus GG, and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624, may benefit people with IBS and are often present in probiotic supplements. The additional sensitivity analysis for the baseline and the change values revealed no significant difference between groups either (Additional File 3: Fig. S5-6) (change: MD = 8.09 [(−)3.87–20.05]). Qualitative synthesis The impact of simultaneous probiotic supplementation during antibiotic treatment on α-diversity indices Although all the included studies were RCTs, the baseline values in the article by De Wolfe et al. [ 53] showed a marked difference between the probiotic and control groups (MD = 0.64 [(0.05 –1.22]). As a sensitivity analysis, we performed a separate calculation for data before the treatment and for the “before-after” values change in each study (Additional File 3: Fig. S1-2). We did not find any significant difference in the change values between the experimental and control groups regarding the Shannon diversity index (MD = 0.07 [(−)0.19 –0.32]). The impact of probiotic supplementation during antibiotic therapy on the Chao1 index

Chen L, Xu W, He J, Lee A, Si J, Chen S. The impact of Helicobacter pylori infection, eradication therapy, and probiotic supplementation on gut microenvironment homeostasis: an open-label, prospective clinical trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;33:54–221. PRO biotika jsou živé mikroorganismy s výhodnými účinky vůči zdraví. Často se označují za "přítelské" nebo "dobré" bakterie, které podporují imunitní systém, střeva a celkové zdraví. Existují přirozeně v trávícím traktu a pomáhají chránit proti škodlivým bakteriím a plísním. Inthout J, Ioannidis JP, Borm GF. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:1–12. As there was a large difference in the baseline values between the intervention and control groups in the article of Kakiuchi et al. [ 50] (MD = 21.57 [3.47–39.68]), here, we also performed an additional sensitivity analysis for the baseline values and the changes (Additional File 3: Fig. S3-4) with no significant difference in the latter between the groups (MD = 3.77 [(−)10.17–17.71]). The impact of probiotic supplementation during antibiotic therapy on observed OTUs Strong WL. Assessing species abundance unevenness within and between plant communities. Community Ecol. 2002;3:237–46.has a sufficient number of colony-forming units (CFUs), which indicates the number of viable bacteria per dose Pielou EC. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. J Theor Biol. 1966;13 C:131–44. Hegyi P, Erőss B, Izbéki F, Párniczky A, Szentesi A. Accelerating the translational medicine cycle: the Academia Europaea pilot. Nat Med. 2021;27:1317–9.