Bombing Colours: British Bomber Camouflage and Markings 1914-1937

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On 28 July, Japanese papers reported that the declaration had been rejected by the Japanese government. That afternoon, Prime Minister Kantarō Suzuki declared at a press conference that the Potsdam Declaration was no more than a rehash ( yakinaoshi) of the Cairo Declaration, that the government intended to ignore it ( mokusatsu, "kill by silence"), and that Japan would fight to the end. [102] The statement was taken by both Japanese and foreign papers as a clear rejection of the declaration. Emperor Hirohito, who was waiting for a Soviet reply to non-committal Japanese peace feelers, made no move to change the government position. [103] Japan's willingness to surrender remained conditional on the preservation of the kokutai (Imperial institution and national polity), assumption by the Imperial Headquarters of responsibility for disarmament and demobilization, no occupation of the Japanese Home Islands, Korea or Formosa, and delegation of the punishment of war criminals to the Japanese government. [104] A few minutes later at 11:00 Japanese Time, The Great Artiste dropped instruments attached to three parachutes. These instruments also contained an unsigned letter to Professor Ryokichi Sagane, a physicist at the University of Tokyo who studied with three of the scientists responsible for the atomic bomb at the University of California, Berkeley, urging him to tell the public about the danger involved with these weapons of mass destruction. The messages were found by military authorities but not turned over to Sagane until a month later. [204] In 1949, one of the authors of the letter, Luis Alvarez, met with Sagane and signed the letter. [205] Long-term health effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs not as dire as perceived". Science Daily. 11 August 2016 . Retrieved 16 October 2021. a b c National Research Council (1990). Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1224. ISBN 978-0-309-03995-6. PMID 25032334– via nap.edu. Oughterson, A. W.; LeRoy, G. V.; Liebow, A. A.; Hammond, E. C.; Barnett, H. L.; Rosenbaum, J. D.; Schneider, B. A. (19 April 1951). Medical Effects Of Atomic Bombs The Report Of The Joint Commission For The Investigation Of The Effects Of The Atomic Bomb In Japan Volume 1 (Report). doi: 10.2172/4421057. OSTI 4421057.

On 10 August 1945, the day after the Nagasaki bombing, military photographer Yōsuke Yamahata, correspondent Higashi, and artist Yamada arrived in the city with instructions to record the destruction for propaganda purposes. Yamahata took scores of photographs, and on 21 August, they appeared in Mainichi Shimbun, a popular Japanese newspaper. After Japan's surrender and the arrival of American forces, copies of his photographs were seized amid the ensuing censorship, but some records have survived. [245] Statement by the President Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb at Hiroshima". Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. 6 August 1945. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019 . Retrieved 2 April 2015. a b "Transcript of Surreptitiously Taped Conversations among German Nuclear Physicists at Farm Hall (August 6–7, 1945)" (PDF). German History in Documents and Images . Retrieved 24 September 2016. Silver shampoo and silver conditioner are, as we know, very effective products for touching up cold nuances in your hair. On the other hand, there is also a colour mask with these properties that give you a cooler hair color. The colour mask with the violet pigment is called pearl silver and creates a cool shade with shine. A combination that makes a beautiful end result is to mix the Sand and Pearl Silver colour bombs together. Over 90 percent of the doctors and 93 percent of the nurses in Hiroshima were killed or injured—most had been in the downtown area which received the greatest damage. [159] The hospitals were destroyed or heavily damaged. Only one doctor, Terufumi Sasaki, remained on duty at the Red Cross Hospital. [160] Nonetheless, by early afternoon the police and volunteers had established evacuation centres at hospitals, schools and tram stations, and a morgue was established in the Asano library. [161] Survivors of the blast gathered for medical treatment, but many would die before receiving any help, leaving behind rings of corpses around hospitals. [162]a b c d "Atomic Bomb: Decision – Target Committee, May 10–11, 1945". Archived from the original on 8 August 2005 . Retrieved 6 August 2005. In the spring of 1948, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) was established in accordance with a presidential directive from Truman to the National Academy of Sciences– National Research Council to conduct investigations of the late effects of radiation among the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. [272] In 1956, the ABCC published The Effect of Exposure to the Atomic Bombs on Pregnancy Termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. [273] The ABCC became the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) on 1 April 1975. A binational organization run by both the United States and Japan, the RERF is still in operation today. [274] Cancer increases a b c "The Nagasaki atomic bomb damage records, Part 2 Section 1 Chapter 1: Period leading up to the atomic bombing". Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims . Retrieved 29 March 2023.

Lawrence Litz's Interview (2012)". Voices of the Manhattan Project. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019 . Retrieved 27 February 2015. Butch has become so recognised he has become sought after for his skills and expertise using EG smoke grenades. He is often contracted to advise directors and media houses on how to get the best results from the smoke as it is generated. Butch has been featured on the front cover of Red Bull’s magazine, Red Bulletin and notably was on set helping shoot the incredible Corona Beer advert that was shot exclusively with Enola Gaye blue smoke. Americans Killed by Atomic Bomb to be Honored in Hiroshima". Allgov.com. 4 June 2009 . Retrieved 28 December 2012. White and green: Areas still controlled by Japan included Korea, Taiwan, Indochina, and much of China, including most of the main cities, and the Dutch East Indies

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Kleeman, Sophie (29 July 2014). "The Untold Story of How Japanese Steel Workers Saved Their City From the Atomic Bomb". Mic. Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth . Retrieved 1 January 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series. Joseph Coleman (10 March 2005). "1945 Tokyo Firebombing Left Legacy of Terror, Pain". CommonDreams.org. Associated Press . Retrieved 8 August 2011. Mole, R. H. (1992). "ICRP and impairment of mental function following prenatal irradiation". Journal of Radiological Protection. 12 (2): 93–105. Bibcode: 1992JRP....12...93M. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/12/2/005. S2CID 250823660. Photos of Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the bombing, from a 1946 US report". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved 3 December 2016.

a b c Manhattan Engineer District (29 June 1946). "The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki". Trinity Atomic . Retrieved 10 January 2013. Although the bomb was more powerful than the one used on Hiroshima, its effects were confined by hillsides to the narrow Urakami Valley. [214] Of 7,500 Japanese employees who worked inside the Mitsubishi Munitions plant, including "mobilized" students and regular workers, 6,200 were killed. Some 17,000–22,000 others who worked in other war plants and factories in the city died as well. [215] Casualty estimates for immediate deaths vary widely, ranging from 22,000 to 75,000. [215] At least 35,000–40,000 people were killed and 60,000 others injured. [216] [217] In the days and months following the explosion, more people died from their injuries. Because of the presence of undocumented foreign workers, and a number of military personnel in transit, there are great discrepancies in the estimates of total deaths by the end of 1945; a range of 60,000 to 80,000 can be found in various studies. [120] Haynes, Danielle (6 August 2015). "For one reporter, 1945 visit to Hiroshima was about more than a scoop". United Press International.

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Timeline #2 – the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission". The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013 . Retrieved 4 May 2007. Putnam, Frank W. (12 May 1998). "The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Retrospect". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. 95 (10): 5426–5431. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.5426P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.10.5426. PMC 33857. PMID 9576898. The book Hiroshima, written by Pulitzer Prize winner John Hersey and originally published in article form in The New Yorker, [257] is reported to have reached Tokyo in English by January 1947, and the translated version was released in Japan in 1949. [258] [259] [260] It narrated the stories of the lives of six bomb survivors from immediately prior to, and months after, the dropping of the Little Boy bomb. [257] Beginning in 1974, a compilation of drawings and artwork made by the survivors of the bombings began to be compiled, with completion in 1977, and under both book and exhibition format, it was titled The Unforgettable Fire. [261] Life among the rubble in Hiroshima in March and April 1946. Film footage taken by Lieutenant Daniel A. McGovern (director) and Harry Mimura (cameraman) for a United States Strategic Bombing Survey project.