The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning author of Unsettled Ground

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Coined by 19th-century British psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan, Morgan's Canon remains a fundamental precept of comparative (animal) psychology. In its developed form, it states that: [11]

Animal cognition - Wikipedia Animal cognition - Wikipedia

Animals process information from eyes, ears, and other sensory organs to perceive the environment. Perceptual processes have been studied in many species, with results that are often similar to those in humans. Equally interesting are those perceptual processes that differ from, or go beyond those found in humans, such as echolocation in bats and dolphins, motion detection by skin receptors in fish, and extraordinary visual acuity, motion sensitivity and ability to see ultraviolet light in some birds. [30] Attention [ edit ] Foote AL, Crystal JD (March 2007). "Metacognition in the rat". Current Biology. 17 (6): 551–5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.061. PMC 1861845. PMID 17346969.

van Schaik CP, Burkart JM (April 2011). "Social learning and evolution: the cultural intelligence hypothesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 366 (1567): 1008–16. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0304. PMC 3049085. PMID 21357223. Instinctive drift can influence the interpretation of cognitive research. Instinctive drift is the tendency of an animal to revert to instinctive behaviors that can interfere with learned responses. The concept originated with Keller and Marian Breland when they taught a raccoon to put coins into a box. The raccoon drifted to its instinctive behavior of rubbing the coins with its paws, as it would do when foraging for food. [152] The sense in which animals can be said to have self- consciousness or a self-concept has been hotly debated. The best known research technique in this area is the mirror test devised by Gordon G. Gallup, in which an animal's skin is marked in some way while it is asleep or sedated, and it is then allowed to see its reflection in a mirror; if the animal spontaneously directs grooming behavior towards the mark, that is taken as an indication that it is aware of itself. [133] [134] Self-awareness, by this criterion, has been reported for chimpanzees [135] [136] and also for other great apes, [137] the European magpie, [138] some cetaceans [139] [140] [141] and an Asian elephant, [142] but not for monkeys. The mirror test has been criticized by researchers because it is entirely focused on vision, the primary sense in humans, while other species rely more heavily on other senses such as the sense of smell in dogs. [143] [144] [145] Greggers U, Menzel R (1993). "Memory dynamics and foraging strategies of honeybees". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 32: 17–29. doi: 10.1007/BF00172219. S2CID 36624838.

Animals With Incredibly Good Memory (With Pictures) 8 Animals With Incredibly Good Memory (With Pictures)

Brown MF, Cook RG, eds. (2006). Animal Spatial Cognition: Comparative, Neural, and Computational Approaches. [On-line]. Archived from the original on 2022-03-02 . Retrieved 2020-09-29. Blough DS (April 1959). "Delayed matching in the pigeon". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 2 (2): 151–60. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1959.2-151. PMC 1403892. PMID 13801643. Lea SE (2010). "Concept learning in nonprimate mammals: In search of evidence". In Mareschal D, Quinn PC, Lea SE (eds.). The Making of Human Concepts. Oxford University Press. pp.173–199. ISBN 978-0-19-954922-1. A Boston Globe, Philadelphia Inquirer, Gizmodo, Shondaland, LitHub & Tor.com Best Book of Summer and Good Housekeeping Best Book of 2023 So Far! Treisman AM, Gelade G (January 1980). "A feature-integration theory of attention". Cognitive Psychology. 12 (1): 97–136. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5. PMID 7351125. S2CID 353246.

a b Brown MF, Cook RG, eds. (2006). Animal Spatial Cognition: Comparative, Neural, and Computational Approaches. [On-line]. Archived from the original on 2022-03-02 . Retrieved 2020-09-29. Blough DS, Blough PM (1990). "Reaction-time assessments of visual processes in pigeons.". In Berkley M, Stebbins W (eds.). Comparative perception. New York: Wiley. pp.245–276. a b Finn JK, Tregenza T, Norman MD (December 2009). "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus". Current Biology. 19 (23): R1069-70. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.052. PMID 20064403. S2CID 26835945. Gil Coleman looked down from the first-floor window of the bookshop and saw his dead wife standing on the pavement below.” This provocative sentence opens Fuller’s (Our Endless Numbered Continue reading » In the face of a pandemic, an unprepared world scrambles to escape the mysterious disease causing sensory damage, nerve loss, and, in most cases, death. Neffy, a disgraced and desperately indebted twenty-seven-year-old marine biologist, registers for an experimental vaccine trial in London—perhaps humanity’s last hope for a cure. Though isolated from the chaos outside, she and the other volunteers—Rachel, Leon, Yahiko, and Piper—cannot hide from the mistakes that led them there.

The Memory of Animals by Claire Fuller review – trapped in

The general factor of intelligence, or g factor, is a psychometric construct that summarizes the correlations observed between an individual's scores on various measures of cognitive abilities. It has been suggested that g is related to evolutionary life histories and the evolution of intelligence [126] as well as to social learning and cultural intelligence. [127] [128] Non-human models of g have been used in genetic [129] and neurological [130] research on intelligence to help understand the mechanisms behind variation in g. Still other experiments have explored nature of stimulus factors that affect the speed and accuracy of visual search. For example, the time taken to find a single target increases as the number of items in the visual field increases. This rise in reaction time is steep if the distracters are similar to the target, less steep if they are dissimilar, and may not occur if the distracters are very different from the target in form or color. [43] Concepts and categories [ edit ] Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states, e.g. intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, to oneself and others and to understand that others have desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own. [131] Haselton MG, Nettle D, Andrews PW (2005). "The evolution of cognitive bias". In Buss DM (ed.). The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology. Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc. pp.724–746.The acceleration of research on animal cognition in the last 50 years or so has led to a rapid expansion in the variety of species studied and methods employed. The remarkable behavior of large-brained animals such as primates and cetacea have claimed special attention, but all sorts of animals large and small (birds, fish, ants, bees, and others) have been brought into the laboratory or observed in carefully controlled field studies. In the laboratory, animals push levers, pull strings, dig for food, swim in water mazes, or respond to images on computer screens to get information for discrimination, attention, memory, and categorization experiments. [27] Careful field studies explore memory for food caches, navigation by stars, [28] communication, tool use, identification of conspecifics, and many other matters. Studies often focus on the behavior of animals in their natural environments and discuss the putative function of the behavior for the propagation and survival of the species. These developments reflect an increased cross-fertilization from related fields such as ethology and behavioral ecology. Contributions from behavioral neuroscience are beginning to clarify the physiological substrate of some inferred mental process. Shettleworth SJ (2010). Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior (2nded.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-971781-1. In other words, Morgan believed that anthropomorphic approaches to animal behavior were fallacious, and that people should only consider behaviour as, for example, rational, purposive or affectionate, if there is no other explanation in terms of the behaviours of more primitive life-forms to which we do not attribute those faculties.

The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning

Attention is a limited resource and is not a none-or-all response: the more attention devoted to one aspect of the environment, the less is available for others. [36] A number of experiments have studied this in animals. In one experiment, a tone and a light are presented simultaneously to pigeons. The pigeons gain a reward only by choosing the correct combination of the two stimuli (e.g. a high frequency tone together with a yellow light). The birds perform well at this task, presumably by dividing attention between the two stimuli. When only one of the stimuli varies and the other is presented at its rewarded value, discrimination improves on the variable stimulus but discrimination on the alternative stimulus worsens. [37] These outcomes are consistent with the notion that attention is a limited resource that can be more or less focused among incoming stimuli. Nissani M (2005). "Do Asian elephants apply causal reasoning to tool use tasks? 31: 91–96". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 31: 91–96.Pinker, Steven (11 May 2010). "The cognitive niche: Coevolution of intelligence, sociality, and language". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (supplement_2): 8993–8999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0914630107. PMC 3024014. PMID 20445094.