ProDec Contractor Giant Foam Sponge for Decorating, Tiling and Cleaning

Product Information

Busch, K. et al. Chloroflexi dominate the deep-sea golf ball sponges Craniella zetlandica and Craniella infrequens throughout different life stages. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 1–13 (2020).

Chitin and proteinaceous matter are important sources of C and N for marine organisms, with bacteria commonly the main agents of chitin degradation in many aquatic ecosystems 75. In deep-sea invertebrate guts, chitinolytic bacteria play an important role in chitin digestion 76, and chitinolytic activity was observed in associated bacteria in carnivorous 77, as well as Demospongiae species 64. It is not known if sponges themselves can produce chitinases for digestion, but some species may be able to, as they can produce chitin 78. The digestion of detrital matter in the mat, and especially the empty siboglinid tube material, may be aided by the sponge-associated microbes shown to express chitinases and proteases as well as a suite of enzymes related to sulfur- and refractory carbon metabolism. It is highly likely that the microbial processes in the mat and sponges are essential in recycling the nitrogen and sulfur-enriched polymeric matter and in producing dissolved compounds that can be taken up by the holobiont. Woodgate, R. Arctic ocean circulation: going around at the top of the world. Nat. Educ. Knowl. 4, 8 (2013). Yesterday, she said at one point tonight, he does serenade Jamie Lynn Spears in the bath. And I was like, good job I'm not the jealous type whilst I'm there with his kids. Astrom, E. K. L. et al. Methane cold seeps as biological oases in the high-Arctic deep sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 63, 209–231 (2018). Before pulping was introduced in v0.40, giant sponges were virtually unkillable ( atom smashing and cave-ins still worked). Due to this, they were widely considered the aquatic king of beasts.He’s now considering how upland areas in Angus could be utilised as a form of flood defence to reduce the flow from tributaries of the River South Esk. In addition to logging all fauna within each image, and sizing any sponges present, each image was assigned as best representing one of four sponge distribution habitat categories: (a) occasional sponges present on shelves abutting steep walls; (b) siboglinid tube mats exposed, with occasional sponges; (c) spicule mats abundant, with numerous sponges also present; (d) very dense sponge community on spicule-mat—most of the image area covered by live sponges. Category c and d were mostly observed across the flat summits of the Langseth Ridge. The area covered by the flanks of the Langseth Ridge seamount could not be readily determined from the collected data. The areas of the Langseth Ridge with denser sponge coverage, i.e., categories b, c, and d were: category b, ca. 10 km 2, category c, ca. 15 km 2, and category d, ca. 2.5 km 2. Witte, U. & Graf, G. Metabolism of deep-sea sponges in the Greenland- Norwegian Sea. Mar. Biol. 198, 223–235 (1996). Henrich, R. et al. Facies belts and communities of the arctic Vesterisbanken Seamount (Central Greenland Sea). Facies 27, 71 (1992).

Samples were obtained by RV Polarstern (AWI Expedition PS101) during September-October 2016. Sponge samples, together with spicule-tube mat, sediment, and associated macrofauna were collected via camera-guided multiple corer (TV-MUC), USNEL box-corer (0.25 m 2), chain bag dredge and “Nereid Under Ice” remotely operated vehicle (NUI ROV), and seawater samples were obtained from CTD-Rosette casts. Sampling gear was equipped with POSIDONIA transponders for geo-referencing. Sponges, associated macrofauna, spicule-tube mat, and sediment samples for isotope analyses were immediately stored on retrieval to surface at −20 °C. Subsamples of sponge tissue for amplicon sequencing, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomics were frozen at −80 °C and fixed in RNA later, respectively. As controls, seawater samples were collected in 4 technical replicates: 2 L of seawater were filtered through 0.2 µm Durapore hydrophilic PVDF 47 mm membrane filters (seawater filter – SWF), which were frozen at −80 °C prior to DNA extraction. Sponge subsamples were fixed in ethanol for taxonomic identification via sponge spicule microscopy and barcoding. Small macrofauna, bivalve shells, and polychaete tubes were sorted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Ehrlich, H. et al. First evidence of chitin as a component of the skeletal fibers of marine sponges. Part I. Verongidae (demospongia: Porifera). J. Exp. Zool. Part B Mol. Dev. Evol. 308B, 347–356 (2007). Schlindwein, V. & Schmid, F. Mid-ocean-ridge seismicity reveals extreme types of ocean lithosphere. Nature 535, 276–279 (2016). What can you do with a giant sponge? You can squeeze it, poke it, rub it, punch it, pinch it, and push it down as hard as you can. All those actions help make suds. Josie responded: “Oh, sorry Rochelle!!” I wanted Marv to jump on because I wanted to get as much juice out as possible.” She later added: “I’ve done so many positions. I’ve never done so many positions in my life!” Then Marvin rolled Josie around asking: “Is that good, do you like that?”She revealed they'd given her the heads up about Marvin serenading Jamie-Lynn in the bath on Monday. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW), as a proxy of the organic matter (OM) content of the spicule-tube-mat layer, was estimated by subtracting the ash weight (after 12 h combustion of the dry weight samples in a muffle furnace at 500 °C) from the dry weight (DW, 100 °C, 24 h) of a known volume. To estimate the extent of the spicule-tube-mat layer, sediment cores were photographed adjacent to a ruler (Supplementary Fig. 1) and subsequently measured using manual delineation with Image J (Ver. 64). Since volume-specific metabolism may largely vary between sponges of different sizes 87, the volume of water processed and oxygen respired per day by this sponge community was calculated as a function of sponge volume using allometric relationships estimated for G. barretti from the literature ( L pumped = 0.4952 × V sponge −0.52 28 and O 2 = 25.5 x V sponge −0.23 52). No temperature correction was applied, since no effect of temperature (from 0 to 15 °C) was observed in the respiration rate of cold-water massive sponges 12. It is important to consider that the minimal respiratory carbon demand was estimated only for the sponges, thus our estimates are conservative and the total carbon demand for the ecosystem as a whole may be significantly higher. Bulk stable isotope (SI) and compound-specific isotope analyses (CSIA)

Bacteria-, algae- and sponge-specific FAs were found in all sponge species, contributing differently to the total phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs). Bacteria PLFAs were the most abundant (>60%), among which 9-me-C16:0 and 11-me-C18:0 (hereafter grouped as mid-methyl-branched, MBFA C 16–C 18) represented 22–32% of total PLFAs. Monounsaturated FAs (MUFA) C16:1ω7 and C18:1ω7 were also abundant among bacterial markers, generally representing 16–18% of total PLFAs. Sponge PLFAs (≥C 24) such as Me-C 24:2∆ 5,9 and C 26:2∆ 5,9 contributed less to total PLFAs, representing 10–23%. Algae markers such as C20:4ω6/C20:5ω3 and C22:6ω3 represented less than 2% of the total PLFAs (Supplementary Table 3). Emerson, D. & Moyer, C. Microbiology of seamounts: common patterns observed in community structure. Oceanography 23, 148–163 (2010). Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129, Oldenburg, GermanyGiant barrel sponges come in a range of colors, depending on the presence of the cyanobacteria that they work with in symbiosis. They can be pink, purple, brown, reddish brown, and gray, and tend to be different colors at different depths. Leys, S. P., Kahn, A. S., Fang, J. K. H., Kutti, T. & Bannister, R. J. Phagocytosis of microbial symbionts balances the carbon and nitrogen budget for the deep-water boreal sponge Geodia barretti. Limnol. Oceanogr. 63, 187–202 (2018). Heat the oven to 180C/160C fan/gas 4. Put the butter and sugar into a large mixing bowl. Using electric hand whisks beat the butter and sugar together until light and really creamy. Slowly add the eggs, a little at a time, whisking in between additions until the egg is fully incorporated.