Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Earth

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Earth and the rest of the solar system formed about 4.6 billion years ago from a huge, spinning cloud of gas and dust. Earth has one natural satellite, the moon. Earth is the only planet in the solar system to have one moon. Venus and Mercury do not have any moons, for example, while Jupiter and Saturn each have more than a dozen. At the same time that it revolves around the sun, Earth rotates on its own axis. Rotation is when an object, such as a planet, turns around an invisible line running down its center. Earth’s axis is vertical, running from the North Pole to the South Pole. Earth makes one complete rotation about every 24 hours. Earth rotates unevenly, spinning faster at the Equator than at the poles. At the Equator, Earth rotates at about 1,670 kilometers per hour (1,040 miles per hour), while at 45° north, for example, (the approximate latitude of Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States) Earth rotates at 1,180 kilometers per hour (733 miles per hour). earth illustration, Earth Graphic design, Blue earth, blue, globe, happy Birthday Vector Images png 1547x1540px 678.76KB

Now let’s focus on why the tide is different on every planet, and there are a lot of reasons; the size, chemical composition, proximity to other stellar objects and many other things are in play to affect the tide on a planet, however here, we will focus on the role of planetary topography; or land and ocean distribution on a planet, and the effect that has on the tide.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have atmospheres made mostly of hydrogen and helium. These planets are called gas giants, because they are mostly made of gas and do not have a solid outer crust. So, with all that in mind, how could we test these processes on other planets? We employed worldbuilding in two methods to help understand the role of topography (tectonics) in affecting the tidal state of a planet. Earth and wonders of the world, Earth, Global travel route, blue, globe, poster png 3206x3494px 736.81KB Eventually, Earth began to cool and its materials began to separate. Lighter materials floated upward and formed a thin crust. Heavier materials sank toward Earth’s center. Eventually, three main layers formed: the core, the mantle, and the crust. What John Garth adds to the ever-proliferating pile of Tolkien-related media is a careful eye and steady step. [In The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien,] [h]e explores the intersections between this world and that of Tolkien’s 'legendarium'. He traces inspirations from what the author saw, and how they may likely have evolved into what can be gleaned from his tales, letters, drafts, and sketches. . . . Whether new to Middle-Earth or a veteran pilgrim, anyone will learn much in this book."—John L. Murphy, New York Journal of Books

Generations of critics have studied Tolkien’s sources in minute detail, but none has integrated information and insights with visuals as elegantly as John Garth has done in the lavishly illustrated The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien. "—Sandra Miesel, Catholic World Report

Coupled with numerous genealogical tables and a unique Chronology of the First Age, it will provide an indispensable aid to every reader’s discovery of Tolkien’s world.