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If your dog herds the ball with his body, feet or nuzzles the ball, then I have some good news for you: Add a rope, handle, or tail to a dog ball, and what do you get? A projectile! Similar to a handheld ball launcher, this type of toy is ideal for pet parents who want the leverage for a farther throw or want to mix things up with a game of tug-of-war. Next, we have rope balls, which can mean a couple of different things. They can be made of cotton fibers twisted together. Or, they can be rubber balls with ropes looped through for games of tug of war. There are four classes of malocclusions. 1 Class 1 refers to a normal jaw length relationship between the maxilla and mandible, but one or more teeth are malpositioned. Class 2 denotes the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position. Previously called mandibular brachygnathism, its preferred medical term according to the American Veterinary Dental College’s (AVDC’s) nomenclature committee is mandibular distoclusion. The common lay term used to describe this malocclusion is “overbite.” Class 3 malocclusion occurs when the maxillary arch is shorter than the mandibular arch. Previously referred to as maxillary brachygnathism or “underbite,” the preferred medical term for this condition is mandibular mesioclusion. Class 4 malocclusion refers to maxillomandibular asymmetry in either the rostral-caudal, medial-lateral, or dorsal-ventral direction due to asymmetric growth of the right or left maxillary or mandibular arch. A common lay term for a type of Class 4 is “wry bite.” 1 Play ball A bonus for households with kids: these Nerf dog balls also fit into the Nerf ball blaster. Load the blaster toy with these rubber dog balls, and they’ll fly up to 50 feet.

Curettage and lavage of the impingement defects or craters would remove inflammatory tissue and debris and, as long as the cause is removed, defects should heal effectively by sec­ond intention. With large defects, palatal bone exposure and oronasal fistula formation, palatal soft tissue can be mobi­lised to create flaps for surgical correction of the defects. Treatment of wear facets Available in three sizes and three versions with different sounds, the Babble Ball is noted for being tougher and longer-lasting than rubber or soft plastic interactive balls. Because of its strength, however, it should only roll on the ground. So no throwing, bouncing, or tossing for this dog ball. As with any intervention, proper case selection is essential to success. Ball Therapy is intended to help guide the eruption of the lower adult canine teeth in dogs whose jaw-length relationship is normal or close to it. It will not work for dogs with significant class II or class III malocclusions. Also, there must be a clear path from where the lower canines are to where we want them to be and there must be sufficient space to accommodate the crowns of the lower canines in the space between the upper 3rd incisor and upper canine tooth as depicted in the VetDentEdu logo. Reviewers with vision-impaired and senior dogs are especially enthusiastic about these toys since their pups can interact with them easily. Dentine exposed in this way should always be sealed with unfilled resin and if the operator is not confident in the use of the material, equipment and technique, odontoplasty should not be attempted and referral or alternative treatment options considered.This is an inherited condition - an autosomal recessive mutation. Both parents may look normal but carry recessive genes for the condition. When this genetic information is passed onto the litter, approximately one pup in four will be affected, appear abnormal and can pass the genetic information on if bred from. In addtion, two pups in four will carry an abnormal gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other. This pups will look normal but can pass the problem on if bred. Finally one pup in four will not be a carrier of abnormal genes, will be unaffected and cannot pass the trait on to future generations.

Ball toys are a classic toy for interactive play that can provide hours of mental and physical stimulation. While you may think that your options are only limited to games of fetch, there are also the interactive dog toys that contain treats, providing more mental stimulation, while some balls float on water for swimming games. There are even those that have ropes through the middle, giving you a chance to play tug of war. Interactive play helps to build up a bond between pet and owner, as well as helping your dog to socialize and learn what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Take a look at our articles on the best dog toys, best chew toys for puppies and best dog treats. Before going further, you may need to review malocclusions in general by having a look at this overview of malocclusions. Gnawsome balls are covered in pliable spikes that most dogs can’t resist chewing. This version adds a bounce-activated LED light for nighttime play (or just extra fun).This is our favoured option and involves reducing the height of the lower canines to that of the adjacent incisors.

These permanent teeth can theoretically be treated by three options. Not all options are available to all cases. These options are described below and are either surgical removal of the lower canines teeth (and possibly incisors also), crown amputation and partial pulpectomy or orthodontics via an inclined bite plane bonded to the upper canines and incisors. The latter option may not be available to all dogs if the diastema (space) between the upper third incisor and canine is too small for the lower canines to move into or if the lower canines are located behind (palatal) to the upper canines. With near exposure, this protective dentine barrier might be thin and, due to the porous structure of dentine, could have allowed the ingress of bacteria and irritants from the oral cavity, possibly causing pulpitis. The radiographic monitoring of pulp vitality before attempting restoration, as well as long-term monitoring post-operatively, is very important. With radiographic evidence of pulpitis and/or pulp necrosis, the only treatment options to consider would be endodontic treatment or extraction of the affected tooth.The orthodontic movement of teeth, from positions of traumatic occlusion to comfortable positions, can be considered in selected cases. This involves applying a force to a tooth, by means of an orthodontic device, to stimulate bone remodelling to accommodate movement of teeth to a different, comfortable, position. The benefit of this treatment is that the teeth remain and it is generally less invasive than alternative treatment options. The devices utilised to exert the force required to achieve orthodontic movement are custom made for each individual case. This might vary from ball therapy to inclined planes, temporary crown extensions and active devices ( Figure 6). FIGURE (6A) Temporary crown extensions can be applied to upright mandibular canine teeth to tip upright permanent mandibular canine teeth labially into a comfortable position FIGURE (6B) Temporary crown extensions can be applied to upright mandibular canine teeth to tip upright permanent mandibular canine teeth labially into a comfortable position In a few selected cases - usually only very mild lingual displacement - we can consider placing crown extensions on the lower canines to help guide them into a more natural position. It carries some uncertainly and will not be suited or work in all cases. The images below show crown extensions on a young Springer Spaniel.

Leen Verhaert, DVM, Dip. EVDC, EBVS, first described the technique in a study published in the Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ( JOVD) in 1999. The title of the paper was “A removable orthodontic device for the treatment of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth in young dogs.” I must admit when I first heard of the technique, I did not expect it to be as helpful as it has proven to be. The study documented use of the technique in young dogs of different breeds with Class 1 or Class 2 malocclusions. Dogs ranged from five to 9.5 months of age. Twenty-three of 38 cases were fully corrected without any other treatment. Figure 2: An example of an appropriately sized “appliance” for treatment of linguoversion of mandibular canine teeth. John Lewis, VMD, FAVD, DAVDC, practices dentistry and oral surgery at Veterinary Dentistry Specialists and is the founder of Silo Academy Education Center, both located in Chadds Ford, Pa. References Owners with young puppies identified with this problem at first presentation are advised to have the deciduous lower canines removed as soon as possible. There are three reasons for this:For crown reduction of mature teeth, total pulpectomy with root canal treatment can be considered because the long-term prognosis is better than vital pulp treatment. Root canal treatment also requires less frequent radiographic monitoring than vital pulp therapy. These are advanced procedures and these cases should usually be referred.