Reflective Road Line Car Park Marking Paint (2.5 Litre, White)

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Kauffmann Y, Ramel JC, Lefebvre A, Isaico R, De Lazzer A, Bonnabel A, et al. Preoperative prognostic factors and predictive score in patients operated on for combined cataract and idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;160:185–92. This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 242 consecutive eyes of 121 patients (mean age: 69.7 ± 7.3 years, male to female ratio: 62:59) with unilateral idiopathic ERM were evaluated in a single institution between December 2016 and December 2017. The exclusion criteria were secondary ERM (due to diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusion, retinal tear, retinal detachment, uveitis, trauma); eyes with pseudoholes, lamellar holes, or opaque media; glaucoma; history of intraocular surgery (except uncomplicated cataract surgery); uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension; coexisting age-related macular degeneration; nicotine abuse; and refractive errors above −2 and +2 diopters. Reflective studs are a common sight on motorways and are designed to help drivers stay in the correct lane and improve visibility in poor weather or darkness. Continuous EIFL was defined on OCT as the presence of a continuous hypo- or hyper-reflective band, extending from the inner nuclear layer and inner plexiform layer across the foveal region, as described before by Govetto et al. [ 22]. Disruption of the inner segment ellipsoid zone was defined as a discontinuous ellipsoid band in the foveal region, and the presence of the cotton ball sign was defined as a round or diffuse hyper-reflective area between the ellipsoid zone and the cone outer segment tip line at the central fovea, as described by Tsunoda et al. [ 23]. The microcystoid retinal changes were described as the presence of multiple, small hypo-reflective roundish-elliptical cystoid spaces in retinal layers. Understanding the line of symmetry can leave children needing a little extra support. Using things like this Line of Symmetry PowerPoint alongside sheets like this Investigating Lines of Symmetry are great examples of ways you can support your children's learning.

Jahn CE, Minich V, Moldaschel S, Stahl B, Jedelhauser P, Kremer G, et al. Epiretinal membranes after extracapsular cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:753–60. These show that there have been changes to the road ahead, or that roadworks are currently taking place. Shimozono M, Oishi A, Hata M, Matsuki T, Ito S, Ishida K, et al. The significance of cone outer segment tips as a prognostic factor in epiretinal membrane surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:698–704. Even if it is not immediately obvious from the description, many of the academic assignments you will need to complete contain some form of reflection. You might be asked to write an essay where you respond to a piece of text or an image, relate a topic to your own experiences or discuss whether a certain model fits with your own views. Reflection can also be useful when constructing an academic argument as you will have to think about how all the evidence fits with your own understanding of a topic. Being able to reflect on something is also an important part of critical thinking and writing as it allows you to question arguments made in the literature, be open minded about different approaches and move towards being constructive in your criticism. With any of these assignments it's important to remember not to include too much description and focus on what you are being asked to do. The assessor will understand what the object you are looking at is and they don't need it described to them. They want to know what you think about it, how it relates to your experiences and how this advances your knowledge of a topic. This resource is also available in Scottish Gaelic. Perfect for Gaelic learners! What is reflective symmetry?

Vieira LM, Silva NF, Dias dos Santos AM, dos Anjos RS, Pinto LA, Vicente AR, et al. Retinal ganglion cell layer analysis by optical coherence tomography in toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol. 2015;35:242–5.

Gass JDM. Macular dysfunction caused by epiretinal membrane contraction. In: Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases: diagnosis and treatment. Vol. 2, 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1997, p. 938–950.

What is a reflective essay?

In the third lane, you may see amber coloured reflective studs. These show the line that shouldn’t be crossed into the central reservation. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Numune Eye Training and Research Hospital (No. E-17-1685) and conducted according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients gave written informed consent before the study procedures. Ophthalmologic evaluation Shapes and patterns can have many different lines of symmetry. This all depends on how many times the shape can be folded in half, yet still remain the same on both sides. A circle, for example, has an infinite number of lines of symmetry because there are more ways of folding it in half than there are of counting. Other shapes, like a love heart, can only be folded in half one way. Cho KH, Park SJ, Cho JH, Woo SJ, Park KH. Inner-retinal irregularity index predicts postoperative visual prognosis in idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;168:139–49.

This is especially important in areas with a high speed limit, as drivers may not have time to react to sudden changes in the road if they don’t spot them in time. The reflective studs help drivers to spot these changes in the road ahead and adjust their speed accordingly. If you're looking for a resource to help you teach about lines of symmetry, then why not try this Investigating Lines of Symmetry Worksheet KS2? When do children begin to learn symmetry? Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are avascular fibrous layers characterized by abnormal fibrocellular proliferation on the inner retinal surface with a prevalence ranging from 2.2 to 28.9%, and they are more common in elderly people [ 1, 2, 3, 4]. ERM involving the macular or peri-macular regions can cause visual impairment, metamorphopsia, micropsia, and occasionally monocular diplopia. Although ERMs may develop secondary to cataract surgery, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, or uveitis and retinal tearing, most cases are idiopathic [ 5, 6, 7].

Fraser-Bell S, Ying-Lai M, Klein R, Varma R. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:1732–6. Itoh Y, Inoue M, Rii T, Hirota K, Hirakata A. Correlation between foveal cone outer segment tips line and visual recovery after epiretinal membrane surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:7302–8. Council MD, Shah GK, Lee HC, Sharma S. Visual outcomes and complications of epiretinal membrane removal secondary to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1218–21.

Ng CH, Cheung N, Wang JJ, Islam AF, Kawasaki R, Meuer SM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for epiretinal membranes in a multi - ethnic United States population. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:694–9. When researchers are working on a project they will often think about they way they are working and how it could be improved as well as considering different approaches to achieve their research goal. They will often record this in some way such as in a lab book and this questioning approach is a form of reflective writing. 6. In academic writingEither with a mirror or without, your Maths students must replicate the pattern on the blank adjacent squares, which they can use as a guide. An excellent activity for visual learners and KS1 Maths. Reflective symmetry is where a shape or pattern is reflected in a mirror line or a line of symmetry. The shape that has been reflected will be the same as the original, it should also be the same size and it will be the same distance away from the mirror. What is Rotational symmetry? Kim JH, Kim YM, Chung EJ, Lee SY, Koh HJ. Structural and functional predictors of visual outcome of epiretinal membrane surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:103–10. Another important reason for using reflective studs on motorways is to help drivers spot upcoming changes in the road, so that they can adjust accordingly.