Isoprinosine 500mg 50 Tablets

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GALBRAITH, G. M.; THIERS, B. H.; JENSEN, J. A randomized double-blind study of inosiplex (isoprinosine) therapy in patients with alopecia totalis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1987-05, roč. 16, čís. 5 Pt 1, s. 977–983. PMID 2438319. Dostupné online [cit. 2021-04-02]. ISSN 0190-9622. DOI 10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70124-8. PMID 2438319.

Gordon CJ, Tchesnokov EP, Feng JY, Porter DP, Gotte M. The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Biol Chem. 2020;295(15):4773–9. Excretion: The 24-hour urinary excretion of PAcBA and its major metabolite under steady-state conditions at 4g per day amounted to approximately 85% of the administered dose. 95% of the DIP-derived radioactivity in urine was recovered as unchanged DIP and DIP N-oxide. The elimination half-life is 3.5 hours for DIP and 50 minutes for PAcBA. The major metabolites in humans are the N-oxide for DIP and the o-acylglucuronide for PAcBA. Because the inosine moiety is degraded by the purine degradation pathway to uric acid, radiolabelled experiments in humans are inappropriate. In animals up to about 70% of the administered inosine can be recovered as urinary uric acid following oral tablet administration and the remainder as the normal metabolites, xanthine and hypoxanthine. Andreania J, Le Bideaua M, Duflota I, Jardota P, Rollanda C, Boxbergera M, et al. In vitro testing of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows 1 synergistic effect 2. Lung. 2020;21:22.

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Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. medRxiv. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758v3. It īpaši pastāstiet savam ārstam, ja Jūs lietojat tālāk uzskaitītās zāles, kuras var reaģēt ar Isoprinosine tabletēm: For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.

WWW.MEDITORIAL.CZ. Největší informační zdroj pro lékaře - proLékaře.cz. www.prolekare.cz [online]. [cit. 2021-03-12]. Dostupné online. Hong SK, Kim HJ, Song CS, Choi IS, Lee JB, Park SY. Nitazoxanide suppresses IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages and TG-injected mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012;13(1):23–7. Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu H, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discovery. 2020;6(1):1–4. Deng L, Li C, Zeng Q, Liu X, Li X, Zhang H, Hong Z, Xia J. Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study. J Infect. 2020. Vírusové ochorenia s dlhším vývojom: v liečbe treba pokračovať ešte 1-2 týždne po ústupe symptómov, prípadne dlhšie, podľa rozhodnutia lekára.Chloroquine (CQ) is a synthetic form of quinine (derived from the bark of cinchona tree) and is widely used as an anti-malarial since the last seventy years. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has an extra hydroxyl group at the end of the side chain and is commonly used in the management of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Both these drugs have shown to have some anti-viral properties and may be useful in treating patients with COVID-19. Both CQ and HCQ interfere with the glycosylation of ACE-2 receptor, which is essential for the viral entry [ 49, 50]. Both the drugs are a weak base, and they interfere with the acidification of lysosome. This interferes with the pH-dependent endosome mediated viral entry [ 49, 50]. Both the drugs inhibit activation of cells by MAP kinase (P38 MAP kinase [ 49, 50] and inhibit post-translational modification of M proteins, thereby altering viral assembly and budding [ 49, 50]. Also, both the drugs are immunomodulatory agents and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 49, 50]. Compared to CQ, HCQ has a better in-vitro potency (7.6 times more potent), safety profile and lesser drug-drug interactions. HCQs have high accumulation in cells and long elimination half-life. CQ has some activity in mice against human coronavirus OC43 [ 60]. Both CQ and HCQ reach up to 700 times higher level in lungs than in plasma [ 50]. According to pharmacology based pharmacokinetic modelling by Yao et al., simulated lung, blood and plasma concentration of CQ increased slowly after the first dose was given and was yet to achieve steady-state on Day 10. However, in HCQ, the concentration increased rapidly and reached a steady-state following the initial loading dose and subsequent maintenance dose [ 58]. Počas liečby sa môže vyskytnúť únava, malátnosť avertigo ako častý nežiaduci účinok (≥ 1/100 až < 1/10), preto je potrebná opatrnosť pri vedení vozidiel aobsluhe strojov. Nelietojiet Isoprinosine, ja Jums ir grūtniecība vai Jūs barojat bērnu ar krūti, ja vien ārsts nav tā teicis. Devaux CA, Rolain JM, Colson P, Raoult D. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;12:105938.

Metabolism: In human subjects following a 1 g oral dose of Imunovir, the following plasma levels were found for DIP and PAcBA, respectively: 3.7μg/ml (2 hours) and 9.4μg/ml (1 hour). In human dose tolerance studies, peak post-dose elevation of uric acid levels as a measurement of drug-derived inosine are not linear and can vary + 10% between 1-3 hours. Teijaro JR. The role of cytokine responses during influenza virus pathogenesis and potential therapeutic options. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;386:3–22. Although in-vitro studies demonstrate the activity of CQ against SARS-CoV-2, this does not guarantee simultaneous in-vivo activity. For example, CQ was found to be effective in inhibiting replication of dengue, chikungunya and influenza in-vitro, but failed to show similar effects in in-vivo studies [ 60, 61, 62]. Preliminary reports from China in which 100 patients were given CQ showed early defervescence of fever and improvement in radiological findings. No serious adverse events were noted [ 63]. A French clinical trial of 36 PCR confirmed patients showed that virological clearance on Day 6 was significantly higher in HCQ arm compared to the control group (Table 1) [ 3]. In another study of 62 patients (31- standard treatment, 31- additional HCQ) with pneumonia associated with COVID-19 from China, additional HCQ for 5 days resulted in earlier remission of fever and cough [ 64]. Patients with severe/ critical illness were, however, excluded from the study. In a multi-centric open labelled randomized controlled trial of 150 patients from China, there was no difference in virological conversion rate or improvement in clinical symptoms at day 10. However, the HCQ arm showed a better clinical response in posthoc analysis when the effect of other anti-antivirals was removed (Table 1) [ 4]. A small French study of 11 patients by Molina et al. failed to show beneficial effects (early clearance of virus) of combining HCQ and azithromycin in patients with COVID-19 [ 65]. In another multi-centric retrospective study of 181 patients with COVID pneumonia from France, there was no difference in worse clinical outcomes between the two arms (Table 1) [ 5]. In a quasi-randomized controlled trial by Barbosa et al., of the 63 recruited patients, 32 received HCQ while 31 received standard support. Higher respiratory support requirement was noted in the HCQ group after 5 days of therapy [ 66]. In a retrospective study on 368 veterans from the United States of America, risk of death was found to be higher in those patients who received HCQ alone compared to no HCQ. No difference in requirement of ventilation was found between HCQ and no HCQ group (Table 1) [ 6].Tocilizumab is given as an intravenous infusion over 1 hour at a dose of 8 mg/kg in patients who weigh more than 30 kg (maximum dose- 800 mg). This can be repeated for three additional times, 8 hours apart. Adverse reactions include upper respiratory tract infections, headache and transaminitis [ 108]. In COVID-19 clinical studies, tocilizumab was shown to be safe except for a few reports of transaminitis [ 9]. Siltuximab Yamamoto M, Matsuyama S, Li X, Takeda M, Kawaguchi Y, Inoue J, et al. Identification of Nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the Split-protein-based cell-cell fusion assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(11):6532–9. Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H, et al. First Case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):929–36. Liek obsahuje sodík (10 ml obsahuje viac ako 1 mmol (>24 mg) sodíka), čo je potrebné vziať do úvahy upacientov na diéte skontrolovaným obsahom sodíka.

Kujawski SA, Wong KK, Collins JP, Epstein L, Killerby ME, Midgley CM, et al. First 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States. Public Global Health. 2020;medrxiv 2020.03.09.20032896. A dose of 400/100 twice daily for up to 14 days has been tried in most studies. It has to be kept in mind that this drug has several drug-drug interactions and may require dose modification in pregnancy. No dose modification is required in patients with kidney disease or mild hepatic impairment. It is recommended to avoid LPV/r in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C or Alanine transaminase >5X Upper limit of normal). Gastrointestinal side effects and hypertriglyceridemia are common in patients on LPV/r. Peripheral lipoatrophy and visceral adiposity are also noticed in patients on long-term LPV/r. Serious adverse events include pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity and QT prolongation. Simeprevir and ParitaprevirImunovir increases cytokine IL-1 production and enhances IL-2 production, upregulating the expression of the IL-2 receptor in vitro. It significantly increases endogenous IFN -γ secretion and decreases the IL-4 production in vivo. It has also been shown to potentiate neutrophil, monocyte and macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(5):846–8. Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, Maes P, Neyts J, Van Ranst M. In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;323(1):264–8. Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, Chen L, Maes P, Hedenstierna G, Van Ranst M. Inhibition of SARS-coronavirus infection in vitro by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound. Int J Infect Dis. 2004;8(4):223–6. PAŘÍZKOVÁ, Ranata. Péče o hospitalizované pacienty s COVID-19 - Doporučený postup FN HK [online]. Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové, Verze 2 - 18.11.2020 [cit. 2021-03-10]. Dostupné online.