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The giant panda typically lives around 20 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity. [52] A female named Jia Jia was the oldest giant panda ever in captivity; she was born in 1978 and died at an age of 38 on 16 October 2016. [53] Pathology

For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and raccoons. [17] However in 1985, molecular studies indicate the giant panda is a true bear, part of the family Ursidae. [18] [19] These studies show it diverged about 19million years ago from the common ancestor of the Ursidae; [20] it is the most basal member of this family and equidistant from all other extant bear species. [21] [20] The giant panda has been referred to as a living fossil. [22] Etymology Panda cubs The forepaws possess a "false thumb", which is an extension of a wrist bone, the radial sesamoid found in many carnivorans. This thumb allows the animal to grip onto bamboo stalks and both the digits and wrist bones are highly flexible. The red panda shares this feature with the giant panda, which has a larger sesamoid that is more compressed at the sides. In addition, the red panda's sesamoid has a more sunken tip while the giant panda's curves in the middle. These features give the giant panda more developed dexterity. [32] Giant pandas give birth to twins in about half of pregnancies. [102] If twins are born, usually only one survives in the wild. The mother will select the stronger of the cubs, and the weaker cub will die due to starvation. The mother is thought to be unable to produce enough milk for two cubs since she does not store fat. [103] The father has no part in helping raise the cub. a b "Number of pandas successfully bred in China down from last year". Xinhua News Agency. 8 November 2007. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008 . Retrieved 22 July 2008.Later and more advanced ailurids are classified in the subfamily Ailurinae and are known as the "true" red pandas. These animals were smaller and more adapted for an omnivorous or herbivorous diet. The earliest known true panda is Magerictis from the Middle Miocene of Spain and known only from one tooth, a lower second molar. The tooth shows both ancestral and new characteristics having a relatively low and simple crown but also a lengthened crushing surface with developed tooth cusps like later species. [21] Later ailurines include Pristinailurus bristoli which lived in eastern North America from the late Miocene to the Early Pliocene [21] [22] and species of the genus Parailurus which first appear in Early Pliocene Europe, spreading across Eurasia into North America. [21] [23] These animals are classified as a sister taxon to the lineage of the modern red panda. In contrast to the herbivorous modern species, these ancient pandas were likely omnivores, with highly cusped molars and sharp premolars. [21] [22] [24] a b Zhou, X.; Jiao, H.; Dou, Y.; Aryal, A.; Hu, J.; Hu, J. & Meng, X. (2013). "The winter habitat selection of Red Panda ( Ailurus fulgens) in the Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve, China" (PDF). Current Science. 105 (10): 1425–1429. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2022 . Retrieved 18 March 2022. a b c Lin, A. K.; Lwin, N.; Aung, S. S.; Oo, W. N.; Lum, L. Z. & Grindley, M. (2021). "The conservation status of Red Panda in north-east Myanmar". In Glatston, A. R. (ed.). Biology and Conservation of the First Panda (Seconded.). London: Academic Press. pp.475–488. ISBN 9780128237540. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 . Retrieved 24 January 2022. a b Roberts, M. S. & Kessler, D. S. (1979). "Reproduction in Red pandas, Ailurus fulgens (Carnivora: Ailuropodidae)". Journal of Zoology. 188 (2): 235–249. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03402.x. Fossil record Reconstructed skull and head of Simocyon, a large carnivorous early relative of the modern red panda

Pandas have been kept in zoos as early as the Western Han Dynasty in China, where the writer Sima Xiangru noted that the panda was the most treasured animal in the emperor's garden of exotic animals in the capital Chang'an (present Xi'an). Not until the 1950s were pandas again recorded to have been exhibited in China's zoos. [130]Kumar, A.; Rai, U.; Roka, B.; Jha, A. K. & Reddy, P. A. (2016). "Genetic assessment of captive red panda ( Ailurus fulgens) population". SpringerPlus. 5 (1): 1750. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3437-1. PMC 5055525. PMID 27795893.

The giant panda genome was sequenced in 2009 using Illumina dye sequencing. [55] Its genome contains 20 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. a b c d Wei, F.; Feng, Z.; Wang, Z. & Hu, J. (2000). "Habitat use and separation between the Giant Panda and the Red Panda". Journal of Mammalogy. 81 (2): 448–455. doi: 10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0448:HUASBT>2.0.CO;2. a b Yonzon, P. B. & Hunter, M. L. Jr. (1991). "Conservation of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens". Biological Conservation. 57 (1): 1–11. doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90104-H.Kappelhof, J. & Weerman, J. (2020). "The development of the Red panda Ailurus fulgens EEP: from a failing captive population to a stable population that provides effective support to in situ conservation". International Zoo Yearbook. 54 (1): 102–112. doi: 10.1111/izy.12278. Adults measure around 1.2 to 1.9 metres (3feet 11inches to 6feet 3inches) long, including a tail of about 10–15cm (4–6in), and 60 to 90cm (24 to 35in) tall at the shoulder. [37] [38] Males can weigh up to 160kg (350lb). [39] Females (generally 10–20% smaller than males) [40] can weigh as little as 70kg (150lb), but can also weigh up to 125kg (276lb). [9] [37] [41] The average weight for adults is 100 to 115kg (220 to 254lb). [42] Xu, L. & Guan, J. (2018). Red Panda market research findings in China (PDF). Cambridge: Traffic. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2022 . Retrieved 28 January 2022. Pradhan, S.; Saha, G. K. & Khan, J. A. (2001). "Ecology of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens in the Singhalila National Park, Darjeeling, India". Biological Conservation. 98: 11–18. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00079-3.

Well, if the color has no effect on behavior, what about the breed? There are articles on cat breeds that claim to help you find the perfect companion by the traits listed. Saba shared: “If you google this question, you will get 1000s of articles claiming different breeds of cats as quiet or talkative. However, I strongly suggest that this is wrong. Some breeds of cats are definitely quieter or goofier, like Persian, ragdoll, etc.” Qi, D.; Zhou, H.; Wei, W.; Lei, M.; Yuan, S.; Qi, D. & Zhang, Z. (2016). "Vocal repertoire of adult captive red pandas ( Ailurus fulgens)". Animal Biology. 66 (2): 145–155. doi: 10.1163/15707563-00002493. Sotnikova, M. V. (2008). "A new species of lesser panda Parailurus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Pliocene of Transbaikalia (Russia) and some aspects of ailurine phylogeny". Paleontological Journal. 42 (1): 90–99. doi: 10.1007/S11492-008-1015-X. S2CID 82000411.

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Chi Chi at the London Zoo became very popular. This influenced the World Wildlife Fund to use a panda as its symbol. [131] Giant Pandas". National Zoological Park. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010 . Retrieved 7 November 2010.