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Results of DBP subgroup analyses were similar to the results of SBP subgroup analyses. While the DBP pre-/hypertensive subgroup analysis remained significant (DBP hyper: -2.73 [95% CI, -4.89, -0.58] mmHg, P = 0.01; I 2 = 79%; Figure Figure3C), 3C), DBP normotensive subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference between chocolate and control groups (DBP normo: -1.28 [95% CI, -2.88, 0.33] mmHg, P = 0.12; I 2 = 24%; Figure Figure3D 3D). Cocoa, the key ingredient in chocolate, is a powerful antioxidant that can help improve heart health and reduce the risk of certain diseases. There are many other types of chocolate available, including white chocolate, vegan chocolate, and chocolate with added flavors like nuts, fruit, or spices. Santamaria, Francisco (2005). Diccionario de Mejicanismos. Mexico: Editorial Porrúa S. A. pp.412–413. ISBN 978-9700759579.
Medicinal and Ritualistic Use for Chocolate in Mesoamerica - HeritageDaily - Heritage & Archaeology News". www.heritagedaily.com . Retrieved 2018-05-07.Heterogeneity was reduced satisfactorily in the normotensive subgroups, indicating that trials in these subgroup analyses are highly comparable and the meta-analyses results can be interpreted with confidence. In contrast, heterogeneity remained high in the hypertensive subgroups, influenced greatly by one relatively small study arm [ 13], which demonstrated a large blood pressure reduction not matched by the other trials. Therefore, effect sizes and levels of significance of the subgroup meta-analyses of trials with (pre-)hypertensive subjects at baseline should be interpreted more cautiously. Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994; 50:1088–1101. doi: 10.2307/2533446. [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] Huxley RR, Neil HA. The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57:904–908. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601624. [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] McInnes GT. Lowering blood pressure for cardiovascular risk reduction. J Hypertens Suppl. 2005; 23:S3–S8. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000165622.34192.fd. [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar]
Mid-Afternoon: Maybe try to be a little healthier with chocolate-covered strawberries or raisins? Ok, maybe not that healthy but at least t contains fruit! Cover the chocolate log completely with the clingfilm, and then firmly roll it, as if it were a rolling pin, to create a smooth, rounded cylinder from the rough log you started with. Twist the ends by grasping both ends of the clingfilm and rolling the sausage-log towards you several times. Then put it in the fridge for at least 6 hours — though preferably overnight — to set.
Erdman JW Jr, Carson L, Kwik-Uribe C, Evans EM, Allen RR. Effects of cocoa flavanols on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17(Suppl 1):284–287. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Boozy Pumpkin Hot Chocolate. Add some pumpkin pie spice to a hot chocolate recipe and then toss in a bit of winter warmth using Kahlua, bourbon, peppermint schnapps or a bit of cinnamon whiskey. We don’t need to tell you what to do to celebrate this day, do we? Eat Chocolate! Some ways you can incorporate chocolate into this chocolate day include: Cream the butter and sugar together; I do this in a freestanding mixer, but you don’t have to. You just need to use a large bowl and make sure the mixture is soft and superlight. After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people. In the 20th century, chocolate was considered essential in the rations of United States soldiers during war. [3]
Nutella or Peanut Butter Hot Chocolate. One fun and easy way to add a bit of flavor to hot chocolate is to simply stir in a scoop of peanut butter or Nutella to give a smooth and creamy flavor. This is a fun one that kids can easily take part in as well! Szogyi, Alex (1 January 1997). Chocolate: Food of the Gods. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.149–151. ISBN 978-0-313-30506-1.Scientific research suggests that the flavanols in cocoa tend to increase the brain’s oxygen levels and activate neurons at a higher rate – equaling better brain performance and improved cognitive function. What began in Sweden is now based in Toowoomba, QLD, and we’re all the more thankful for it. Making full use of its new digs, Metiisto ethically sources its cocoa beans from nearby regions like the Solomon Islands, where small-batch farmers go to great lengths to achieve the highest quality. Each and every bean is inspected by the brand before it’s roasted, winnowed, refined, conched, aged, tempered, and wrapped. One taste and you’ll know what all these awards at the International Chocolate Awards are for, including; The form of the marriage is: the bride gives the bridegroom a small stool painted in colors, and also gives him five grains of cacao, and says to him “These I give thee as a sign that I accept thee as my husband.” And he also gives her some new skirts and another five grains of cacao, saying the same thing.” [11] Cultivation, consumption, and cultural use of cacao were extensive in Mesoamerica where the cacao tree is native. [4] When pollinated, the seed of the cacao tree eventually forms a kind of sheath, or ear, averaging 20" long, hanging from the tree trunk itself. Within the sheath are 30 to 40 brownish-red almond-shaped beans embedded in a sweet viscous pulp. While the beans themselves are bitter due to the alkaloids within them, the sweet pulp may have been the first element consumed by humans.
Gu L, House SE, Wu X, Ou B, Prior RL. Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products. J Agric Food Chem. 2006; 54:4057–4061. doi: 10.1021/jf060360r. [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, Malloy MJ, Browne A, Chiu EY, Kwak H-K, Milbury P, Paul SM, Blumberg J, Mietus-Snyder ML. Flavonoid-Rich Dark Chocolate Improves Endothelial Function and Increases Plasma Epicatechin Concentrations in Healthy Adults. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004; 23:197–204. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Why not get the cookbook out of the cupboard, scour the internet for some ideas and get yourself in the chocolate day spirit, baking and creating some wonderful chocolatey creations? For subgroup analysis of diastolic blood pressure, we pooled trial arms with mean baseline DBP in the hypertensive and prehypertensive range (DBP ≥ 80 mmHg) and trials with mean baseline DBP < 80 mm Hg. Three of the six trial arms in the subgroup with DBP ≥ 80 mmHg reported mean DBP values at baseline in the hypertensive range (≥ 90 mmHg) [ 13, 18, 20], while three trials reported mean DBP at baseline in the prehypertensive range (84-86 mmHg) [ 10, 16, 24].
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Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in Central America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs, who mixed cocoa beans with vanilla or chilli peppers. In fact, cocoa beans were so important to them that they were used as money. Cocoa was first grown in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top ten producers of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa. Cocoa beans From time to time, they served him [Montezuma] in cups of pure gold a certain drink made from cacao. It was said that it gave one power over women, but this I never saw. I did see them bring in more than fifty large pitchers of cacao with froth in it, and he drank some of it, the women serving with great reverence. [21] Cultivation of the cacao was not an easy process. Part of this was because cacao trees in their natural environment grow to 60 feet tall or more. When the trees were grown on a plantation, however, they grew to around 20 feet tall. The relatively modest but significant blood pressure-lowering effect of cocoa in the hypertensive subgroup is clinically relevant: a decline of 5 mmHg in systolic blood pressure may reduce the risk of a cardiovascular event by about 20% over 5 years [ 46]. Furthermore, the effect of cocoa in a hypertensive population is comparable to other lifestyle modifications, such as moderate physical activity (30 min/d) may reduce SBP by 4-9 mmHg [ 5]. However, the results of these subgroup analyses need to be interpreted cautiously, as three of seven trial arms with a crossover study design were conducted by the same study team [ 13, 18], and five of nine study arms using a flavanol-free control were conducted by two teams within similar population groups [ 10, 13, 16, 18]. Therefore, study design or type of control might in fact be indirect predictors of BP outcome through other factors such as dietary habits of the study population.
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