Psychedelics Encyclopedia

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Bunzow, J.R.; Sonders, M.S.; Arttamangkul, S.; Harrison, L.M.; Zhang, G.; Quigley, D.I.; Darland, T.; Suchland, K.L.; Pasumamula, S.; Kennedy, J.L.; et al. Amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters are agonists of a rat trace amine receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 2001, 60, 1181–1188. Several researchers have also commented on the importance of dosage. 97 Indeed, Blewett 98 warned that giving participants low doses of LSD may not be sufficient to break through the barrier between the normal and the full-blown psychedelic state, and as a result be merely disorientating rather than transformative. Support for this logic is also evident in escalating dose research with DMT. 99 It is additionally advised that experienced participants control their own dosage, 100 as in the experiment by Wezelman and Bierman. 101 Participants’ self-reports of the depth of the altered state were considered better than dosages as indicators of subjective effects. 102 Self-reports using the Hallucinogenic Rating Scale were seen to be more accurate indicators of dosage than physiological measures, 103 though the use of a scale of transpersonal experience, such as the Self-Expansiveness Scale Form, 104 would also likely be fruitful in discerning the relevant depth of the psychedelic state of consciousness. Furthermore, some researchers, 105 have noted that the issue of dosage is largely irrelevant in comparison to the influence of the psychological factors of set and setting, as originally noted in psychedelic research by Leary, Litwin, and Metzner. 106 In discussion of this, Vayne 107 suggested that the influence of psychological factors on psychoactive drugs can vary their effects so much that the drug can be thought of primarily as an experience, composed of set, setting, and substance.

Blewett, D. (1963). Psychedelic drugs in parapsychological research. International Journal of Parapsychology 5, 43-74. Richards, W.A. Mystical and archetypal experiences of terminal patients in DPT-assisted psychotherapy. J. Relig. Health 1978, 17, 117–126.Grinspoon, L., & Bakalar, J.B. (1998). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered (2nd ed.). New York: The Lindesmith Centre. Ludwig, A.M., & Lyle, W.H. (1964). The experimental production of narcotic drug effects and withdrawal symptoms through hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 12, 1-17.

her sense of self within the ensuing emotional miasma. This quality purportedly allows users to inspect these less-savory dimensions of their Correlations between self-reports of cannabis use and ‘thought transmission’ in psychiatric research are apparent, often indirectly, though telepathy experiences are also more widely reported in the apparent absence of pathology, with or without cannabis. Most of the surveys failed to adequately identify which substances lead to which experiences, although a switch to such taxonomic research is now evident. 29 Substances particularly favourable to the experience of telepathy were found to be cannabis, MDMA and DXM. No one substance was particularly generative of precognitive experiences, and possible candidates for clairvoyance were cannabis, LSD, and psilocybin. As yet no research has explored both state and trait personality dimensions in relation to substance-induced psi experiences, although such research is encouraged. 30 Experimental Psi Research with Psychedelics the planet: to bond with the Earth. So developing their Earthconnection through the medium of the mushroom-the Earth's Asperen de Boer, S.R. van., Barkema, P.R., & Kappers, J. (1966). Is it possible to induce ESP with psilocybin? An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Neuropsychiatry 2, 447-73.Grof, S.; Soskin, R.A.; Richards, W.A.; Kurland, A.A. DPT as an adjunct in psychotherapy of alcoholics. Int. Pharm. 1973, 8, 104–115. In light of this viewpoint, according to Leary, the project of developing "artificial intelligence" becomes one of duplicating or exceeding Davies, M.A.; Sheffler, D.J.; Roth, B.L. Aripiprazole: A novel atypical antipsychotic drug with a uniquely robust pharmacology. CNS Drug Rev. 2004, 10, 317–336. Hirst, M. (2000). Root, dream and myth. The use of the oneirogenic plant Silene capensis among the Xhosa of South Africa. Eleusis: Journal of Psychoactive Plants and Compounds 4, 121-49.