Byredo Black Saffron Edp Spray 100ml

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Hayes, A. W. (2001), Principles and Methods of Toxicology (4thed.), Taylor and Francis, ISBN 978-1-56032-814-8 a b Moshiri M, Vahabzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh H (2015). "Clinical Applications of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its Constituents: A Review". Drug Research. 56 (6): 287–295. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1375681. PMID 24848002.

Byredo's fragrances have come to life thanks to Gorham's immense creativity and unique approach to designing a fragrance. He keeps the formulas simple and avoids too many notes that may clash. Preferring fragrances with fewer notes, Gorham believes their existence is justified. a b authors, Wiki- (4 October 2020). "How to Use Saffron". FOOD AND ENTERTAINING – HERBS AND SPICES. wikiHow . Retrieved 9 March 2021.a b Honan, W. H. (2 March 2004). "Researchers Rewrite First Chapter for the History of Medicine". The New York Times . Retrieved 13 September 2011. The plant sprouts 5–11 white and non- photosynthetic leaves known as cataphylls. These membrane-like structures cover and protect 5 to 11 true leaves as they bud and develop on the crocus flower. The latter are thin, straight, and blade-like green foliage leaves, which are 1⁄ 32– 1⁄ 8in), in diameter, which either expand after the flowers have opened ("hysteranthous") or do so simultaneously with their blooming ("synanthous"). C.sativus cataphylls are suspected by some to manifest prior to blooming when the plant is irrigated relatively early in the growing season. Its floral axes, or flower-bearing structures, bear bracteoles, or specialised leaves, that sprout from the flower stems; the latter are known as pedicels. [18] After aestivating in spring, the plant sends up its true leaves, each up to 40cm (16in) in length. Only in October, after most other flowering plants have released their seeds, do its brilliantly hued flowers develop; they range from a light pastel shade of lilac to a darker and more striated mauve. [20] The flowers possess a sweet, honey-like fragrance. Upon flowering, the plants are 20–30cm (8–12in) in height and bear up to four flowers. A three-pronged style 25–30mm (1– 1 + 3⁄ 16in) in length, emerges from each flower. Each prong terminates with a vivid crimson stigma, which are the distal end of a carpel. [19] [18] Cultivation [ edit ] The yellow-orange colour of saffron is primarily the result of α-crocin. [35] This crocin is trans- crocetin di-(β-D- gentiobiosyl) ester; it bears the systematic (IUPAC) name 8,8-diapo-8,8-carotenoic acid. This means that the crocin underlying saffron's aroma is a digentiobiose ester of the carotenoid crocetin. [37] Crocins themselves are a series of hydrophilic carotenoids that are either monoglycosyl or diglycosyl polyene esters of crocetin. [37] Crocetin is a conjugated polyene dicarboxylic acid that is hydrophobic, and thus oil-soluble. When crocetin is esterified with two water-soluble gentiobioses, which are sugars, a product results that is itself water-soluble. The resultant α-crocin is a carotenoid pigment that may make up more than 10% of dry saffron's mass. The two esterified gentiobioses make α-crocin ideal for colouring water-based and non-fatty foods such as rice dishes. [39] Main article: Crocus sativus Description [ edit ] Crocus flowers which yield red saffron stigmas Corms Fotedar, S. (1999). "Cultural Heritage of India: The Kashmiri Pandit Contribution". Vitasta. Kashmir Sabha of Kolkata. 32 (1): 128. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011 . Retrieved 15 September 2011.

Amjad Masood Husaini; Azra N. Kamili; M. H. Wani; Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva; G. N. Bhat (2010), Husaini, Amjad M. (ed.), "Sustainable Saffron ( Crocus sativus Kashmirianus) Production: Technological and Policy Interventions for Kashmir", Functional Plant Science & Biotechnology, UK: Global Science Books, 4 (2): 118, ISBN 978-4-903313-67-2, ISSN 1749-0472 Dharmananda, S. (2005), "Saffron: An Anti-Depressant Herb", Institute for Traditional Medicine, archived from the original on 26 September 2006 , retrieved 10 January 2006 You agree to indemnify and hold Space NK (and its officers, directors, agents, subsidiaries, joint ventures, employees and third-party service providers, including but not limited to Bazaarvoice, Inc.), harmless from all claims, demands, and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, known and unknown including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising out of a breach of your representations and warranties set forth above, or your violation of any law or the rights of a third party. Lak, Daniel (11 November 1998). "Kashmiris pin hopes on saffron". BBC News . Retrieved 11 September 2011. Saffron ( / ˈ s æ f r ə n, - r ɒ n/) [1] is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus". The vivid crimson stigma and styles, called threads, are collected and dried for use mainly as a seasoning and colouring agent in food. Although some doubts remain on its origin, [2] it is believed that saffron originated in Iran. [3] However, Greece [2] and Mesopotamia [3] have also been suggested as the possible region of origin of this plant. Saffron crocus slowly propagated throughout much of Eurasia and was later brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania.

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Dai, Lili; Chen, Lingyan; Wang, Wenjing (2020). "Safety and Efficacy of Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) for Treating Mild to Moderate Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 208 (4): 269–276. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001118. PMID 32221179. S2CID 210119504. Hussain, A. (28 January 2005). "Saffron Industry in Deep Distress". BBC News. London . Retrieved 15 September 2011. The plants fare poorly in shady conditions; they grow best in full sunlight. Fields that slope towards the sunlight are optimal (i.e., south-sloping in the Northern Hemisphere). Planting is mostly done in June in the Northern Hemisphere, where corms are lodged 7–15cm (3–6in) deep; its roots, stems, and leaves can develop between October and February. [18] Planting depth and corm spacing, in concert with climate, are critical factors in determining yields. Mother corms planted deeper yield higher-quality saffron, though they form fewer flower buds and daughter corms. Italian growers optimise thread yield by planting 15cm (6in) deep and in rows 2–3cm ( 3⁄ 4– 1 + 1⁄ 4in) apart; depths of 8–10cm (3–4in) optimise flower and corm production. Greek, Moroccan, and Spanish growers employ distinct depths and spacings that suit their locales.