Project MK-Ultra: Sex, Drugs, and the CIA, Vol. 1 (Project Mk-Ultra, 1)

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a b Lee, M. A., Shlain, B. (1985). Acid Dreams, the Complete Social History of LSD: the CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press. Poisoner in Chief: Sidney Gottlieb and the CIA Search for Mind Control, Henry Holt and Co., by Stephen Kinzer, 2019, ISBN 978-1250140432 Marks, John (1979). The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. New York: Times Books. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0812907736. Schpolianksy, Christophe (March 23, 2010). "Did CIA Experiment LSD on French Town?". ABCnews.com. ABC News.

The aim of Professor Orne's experiments in Sydney was to see if it was possible to get hypnotised people to engage in "anti-social behaviour". If a subject could be made to perform tasks against their own wishes, the CIA could potentially use this power against opposition soldiers. While many of the subjects completed these seemingly dangerous tasks, Professor Orne did not necessarily conclude that hypnosis was responsible. JAMES PENNER: Gottlieb knew a lot about poisons, and he was familiar with the scientific method. So why, after the death of his colleague Frank Olson in an MK Ultra experiment, didn’t he learn from his mistakes? It seems like he was not a very good scientist because he kept repeating the same mistakes over and over again.

Project MK-ULTRA was first brought to wide public attention in 1975 by the U.S. Congress, through investigations James Penner is the editor of Timothy Leary: The Harvard Years (2014) and the author of Pinks, Pansies, and Punks: The Rhetoric of Masculinity in American Literary Culture (2011).

Ignatieff, Michael (April 1, 2001). "What did the C.I.A. do to Eric Olson's father?". The New York Times Magazine . Retrieved January 13, 2017. December 9, 2019). "המדען היהודי שהיה "הדבר הכי קרוב למנגלה בהיסטוריה של ארה"ב" ". הארץ (in Hebrew) . Retrieved December 11, 2019. In a career that continued for four decades, Professor Orne helped to established what hypnosis could and couldn't do, and moved it from the realm of magic to an established academic and clinical practice.

Now, would LSD have ultimately found its way into the United States without Gottlieb? Probably. Would somebody else have figured out that it could be a recreational substance? Probably. Would it have been used in coercive experiments? Maybe not. The idea that this drug could be used to torture people was something that Sidney Gottlieb came up with and that violated everything that Dr. Hofmann and the other originators of LSD believed in.