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Murray, Robin M. (2017). "Mistakes I Have Made in My Research Career". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 43 (2): 253–256. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbw165. PMC 5605250. PMID 28003469. Generally, methodological approaches to the study of insight in the laboratory involve presenting participants with problems and puzzles that cannot be solved in a conventional or logical manner. [8] Problems of insight commonly fall into three types: [8] Breaking functional fixedness [ edit ] Example of a RAT problem. a b c d Kounios, John; Beeman, Mark (1 August 2009). "The Aha! Moment: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Insight". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 18 (4): 210–216. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.521.6014. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01638.x. S2CID 16905317. Köhler, Wolfgang (1999). The mentality of apes (Repr.ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-20979-3.

Despite the success within neuroscience, the topic of insight and even the use of the term in animal behavior has caused significant theoretical debates in comparative cognition (e.g., Kacelnik, 2009; von Bayern et al., 2009; Emery, 2013). Notably, few animal studies are included the recent literature on human problem solving or neuroscience ( Shettleworth, 2012; Call, 2013). First Scientific Approximations To Insight Tennen, Howard; Suls, Jerry, eds. (2013). Handbook of Psychology. Vol.5: Personality and Social Psychology. New Jersey: Wiley. p.53. Additionally, while incubation improves insight performance for individuals, it improves insight performance for groups even more. [21] Thus, after a 15-minute break, individual performance improved for the rebus puzzles with unhelpful clues, and group performance improved for rebus puzzles with both unhelpful and helpful clues. [21] Individual differences [ edit ] a b c Klein, G.; Jarosz, A. (17 November 2011). "A Naturalistic Study of Insight". Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. 5 (4): 335–351. doi: 10.1177/1555343411427013.According to the dual-process theory, there are two systems that people use to solve problems. [22] The first involves logical and analytical thought processes based on reason, while the second involves intuitive and automatic processes based on experience. [22] Research has demonstrated that insight probably involves both processes; however, the second process is more influential. [22] Three-process theory [ edit ]

Insight is the understanding of a specific cause and effect within a particular context. [ citation needed] The term insight can have several related meanings:

References

Although there are cultural differences in the importance we attribute to insight as a source of creative output ( Rudowicz and Yue, 2000; Niu and Sternberg, 2006; Shao et al., 2019), the traditional description of the stages of the creative process is very similar in European psychology (four stage model by Wallas, 1926) and Eastern philosophy (Yoga Sutras; Maduro, 1976; Shao et al., 2019). Insight itself also has an important bearing in Eastern cultures. For example, in Theravada Buddhism, the goal of vipassana meditation is to reach a sudden understanding, abhisamaya (insight), which contrasts with gradually attained understanding (anapurva). Both the description of the phenomenon and the way in which it is achieved, fit with the popular Western notion of insight ( Laukkonen and Slagter, 2021). Pijnenborg, G.H.M.; Spikman, J.M.; Jeronimus, B.F.; Aleman, A. (2012). "Insight in schizophrenia: associations with empathy". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 263 (4): 299–307. doi: 10.1007/s00406-012-0373-0. PMID 23076736. S2CID 25194328.

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Model reduction is a similar process to that described in the N-REM phase of sleep, where redundant connections between neurons are eliminated ( Tononi and Cirelli, 2006) and models are reduced in complexity in the absence of new sensory input ( Friston et al., 2017). While rodent studies suggest that insight does not require sophisticated cognition, the role of the prefrontal cortex in important insight stages may suggest insightful solutions are more likely to emerge in species that have highly developed and functionally equivalent brain regions ( Shettleworth, 2010, 2012; Call, 2013; Olkowicz et al., 2016; Shen et al., 2018). Hadamard, Jacques (1954) [1945]. An essay on the psychology of invention in the mathematical field. New York, N.Y.: Dover Publ. LCCN 54-4731.