Transpac Resin Birch Santa Figurine, Set of 3, Assortment

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Gatzke, Gretchen (1 December 2009). "Krampus? Who's That?". The Vienna Review . Retrieved 17 December 2011. It is customary to offer a Krampus schnapps, a strong distilled fruit brandy. [17] These runs may include Perchten, similarly wild pagan spirits of Germanic folklore and sometimes female in representation, although the Perchten are properly associated with the period between winter solstice and 6 January. Silvesterklaus, a Swiss New Year's Eve celebration featuring a musical procession of performers in grotesque costumes.

a b c d e f g h Bruce, Maurice (March 1958). "The Krampus in Styria". Folklore. 69 (1): 44–47. doi: 10.1080/0015587X.1958.9717121. a b c Basu, Tanya (17 December 2013). "Who is Krampus? Explaining the Horrific Christmas Devil". National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 23 April 2014. Siefker, Phyllis (1997). Santa Claus, last of the Wild Men: the origins and evolution of Saint Nicholas. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Co. pp.155–159. ISBN 978-0-7864-0246-5.

Reissues

Oltermann, Philip (8 December 2019). "Austria struggles with marauding Krampus demons gone rogue: Police record rising violence and drunkenness in relation to traditional folkloric festivities". The Guardian . Retrieved 8 December 2019. Beauchamp, Monte (2004). The Devil in Design: The Krampus Postcards. Seattle, Washington: Fantagraphics. pp.14–29, 32. ISBN 978-1-56097-542-7. Reed, Ashley; Houghton, David (19 December 2014). "12 games where you beat the everloving cheer out of Santa Claus". GamesRadar . Retrieved 21 December 2014. A toned-down version of Krampus is part of the popular Christmas markets in Austrian urban centres like Salzburg. In these, more tourist-friendly interpretations, Krampus is more humorous than fearsome. [30] Dallas Krampus Society Walk, 2016

Sveti Nikola – Mikulaš"[Saint Nicholas - Mikulas]. www.hrvatskarijec.rs (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 . Retrieved 14 December 2015. Crimmins, Peter (15 December 2011). "Horror For The Holidays: Meet The Anti-Santa". NPR . Retrieved 25 November 2015.Krampus nije baš tako loš kao što se čini, on samo opominje"[Krampus isn't as bad as he seems, he just warns]. www.24sata.hr (in Croatian). 6 December 2014. Protomelas krampus, the freshwater actinopterygian fish, is named after Krampus. [45] Gallery [ edit ]

a b Forcher, Michael; Peterlini, Hans Karl (2010). Südtirol in Geschichte und Gegenwart[ South Tyrol past and present] (in German). Haymon Verlag. p.399.FOTO: Sveti Nikola i Krampus stigli su morem i nagradili dobru djecu"[PHOTO: Saint Nicholas and Krampus arrived by sea and rewarded good children]. Liburnija.net (in Croatian). 26 November 2016 . Retrieved 5 December 2016.

Krampus is thought to come from either Bavarian: krampn, meaning "dead", "rotten", or from the German: kramp/krampen, meaning "claw". [5] [6] [7] Origins [ edit ] A person dressed as Krampus at Morzger Pass, Salzburg, Austria Crimmins, Peter (10 December 2011). "Horror for the Holidays: Meet the Anti-Santa". National Public Radio. The character of Krampus has been imported and modified for various North American media, [19] [37] including print (e.g. Krampus: The Devil of Christmas, a collection of vintage postcards by Monte Beauchamp in 2004; [38] [26] Krampus: The Yule Lord, a 2012 novel by Gerald Brom [39]); Krampus, a comic series from Image Comics in 2013 created by Dean Kotz and Brian Joines, television – both live action (" A Krampus Carol", a 2012 episode of The League [37]) and animation (" A Very Venture Christmas", a 2004 episode of The Venture Bros., [19] " Minstrel Krampus", a 2013 episode of American Dad! [40])–video games ( CarnEvil, a 1998 arcade game, [41] The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, a 2014 video game [42]), and film ( Krampus, a 2015 Christmas comedy horror movie from Universal Pictures [43]). Similar figures are recorded in neighboring areas. Strohbart in Bavaria, Klaubauf(mann) in Austria and Bavaria, while Bartl or Bartel, Niglobartl, and Wubartl are used in the southern part of the country. Other names include Barrel or Bartholomeus ( Styria), Schmutzli ( German-speaking Switzerland), Pöpel or Hüllepöpel ( Würzburg), Zember ( Cheb), Belzmärte and Pelzmärtel ( Swabia and Franconia). In most parts of Slovenia, whose culture was greatly affected by Austrian culture, Krampus is called parkelj and is one of the companions of Miklavž, the Slovenian form of St. Nicholas. [17] [32] Mittermayr, Helmut (8 December 2013). "70 Verletzte bei Krampuslauf"[70 injured in Krampus run]. Tiroler Tageszeitung (in German).

Ridenour, Al (2016). The Krampus and the Old Dark Christmas: Roots and Rebirth of the Folkloric Devil. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House. ISBN 978-1-62731-034-5. Europeans have been exchanging greeting cards featuring Krampus since the 19th century. [26] Sometimes introduced with Gruß vom Krampus (Greetings from Krampus), the cards usually have humorous rhymes and poems. Krampus is often featured looming menacingly over children. He is also shown as having one human foot and one cloven hoof. In some, Krampus has sexual overtones; he is pictured pursuing buxom women. [27] Over time, the representation of Krampus in the cards has changed; older versions have a more frightening Krampus, while modern versions have a cuter, more Cupid-like creature. [ citation needed] Krampus has also adorned postcards and candy containers. [28] Regional variation [ edit ] To make your grotto experience extra special, please have some details ready for Santa. Our elves would like to know... Krampus is a horned, anthropomorphic figure in the Central and Eastern Alpine folklore of Europe who, during the Advent season, scares children who have misbehaved. Assisting Saint Nicholas, or Santa Claus, the pair visit children on the night of 6 December, with Saint Nicholas rewarding the well-behaved children with gifts such as oranges, dried fruit, walnuts and chocolate, while the badly behaved ones only receive punishment from Krampus with birch rods. Krampus day itself, on the other hand, is on the 5th of December. [1] Olsen, Erik (21 December 2014). "In Bavaria, Krampus Catches the Naughty". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020.