101 Computing Challenges

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On most modern cars, the car can automatically turn the lights on and off when it detects it is driven at night time or when the driver is driving in rainy conditions. Nowadays most cars are equipped with the following sensors and switches to control the headlights: This book is targeted at both learners (from 9 to 99 years old and above) and educators (parents, teachers) who want to adopt a challenging and enthusing approach towards learning about computing concepts whilst developing their programming skills. You will be able to use this machine to both encrypt or decrypt enigma messages (Enigma encryption is symmetric, which means that the same settings can be used to both encrypt or decrypt a message). The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. In this course you’ll learn more about the types of computers and operating systems in use today. You'll also gain a better understanding of the basic parts of a computer, how applications are used, connecting to the Internet, and more.

The Goodwill Community Foundation developed this course. For almost 20 years, their GCFLearnFree.org program has helped millions around the world learn the essential skills they need to live and work in the 21st century. The Caesar cipher is named after Julius Caesar, who used it, more than 2000 years ago, to protect messages of military significance. LMC simulators can be used to implement simple programs to perform basic mathematical operations such as adding or subtracting numbers, comparing or sorting numbers, etc. Launch our online LMC Simulator Open in new tab/windowOur Enigma machine emulator is replicating the encryption process of the Enigma M3 series that was used by the German Navy (Kriegsmarine). It is fitted with a UKW-B reflector. Later on through the war, it was replaced by the M4 series which included a 4throtor. For educators, this book can be used in many different ways. You may be running a computing club and want to find exciting challenges for students to complete together or compete against each other. Alternatively you can decide to focus on one of these challenges with your class and approach it with a more directed step by step approach to help pupils discover new skills. You can also use some of these challenges as homework tasks. Why not give students one or two of these challenges to focus on during the end of term break? Boost your programming skills by completing fun and enthusing computing challenges. Learn how to program using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Scratch, Python and Database software. From “Hello World” to complex retro arcade games, choose a challenge based on your abilities and interests. The cipher illustrated above uses a left shift of three, so that each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. When encrypting, a person looks up each letter of the message in the “plain” line and writes down the corresponding letter in the “cipher” line.

We just released a computer and technology basics course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel. This course teaches the basics of computer use and is perfect for beginners and people that want to fill in some gaps on their knowledge. To gain a better understanding of the encryption techniques used by the enigma machine we have decided to recreate a virtual Enigma machine/emulator.

We believe that being able to work on these challenges and reverse-engineer the given code will give you a fantastic opportunity to improve your Python skills while discovering new programing techniques. This selection of challenges from the 101computing.net blog will cover all of the essentials skills used in procedural programming, focusing on the key programming constructs: sequencing, selection and iteration. The 101 challenges are organised into ten chapters to help you discover and practise on using a range of programming strategies using a step by step approach. Your task is a to design and test a logic gates circuit for the automatic headlights system that will apply the following rules: You will find on this blog a range of LMC challenges that you can complete using our online LMC simulator:

In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as shift cipher, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a left shift of 3, D would be replaced by A, E would become B, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence. Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar. Painting by Lionel Royer – Musée CROZATIER du Puy-en-Velay – France, Public Domain. A light sensor that detects when it is day time. A light sensor would be “on” (1) when there is light outside, but would automatically turn off (0) when it is dark outside (night time or driving through a tunnel).

The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets; the cipher alphabet is the plain alphabet rotated left or right by some number of positions. For instance, here is a Caesar cipher using a left rotation of three places, equivalent to a right shift of 23 (the shift parameter is used as the key): The enigma machine was used in World War II to encrypt secret messages.The Enigma machines are a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines. The first machines were invented at the end of World War I by German engineer Arthur Scherbius and were mainly used to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication. Enigma machines became more and more complex and were heavily used by the German army during World War II to encrypt radio signals. Computers can be intimidating, especially if you didn't grow up with them. Some tasks that seem simple to experienced users can seem impossible to new users.