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The nonmetals are another key element group. Here’s a list of them and their properties. Location of Metals on the Periodic Table In pre-Columbian America, objects made of tumbaga, an alloy of copper and gold, started being produced in Panama and Costa Rica between 300 and 500 CE. Small metal sculptures were common and an extensive range of tumbaga (and gold) ornaments comprised the usual regalia of persons of high status. Crow J. M. 2016, " Impossible alloys: How to make never-before-seen metals", New Scientist, 12 October

Choptuik M. W., Lehner L. & Pretorias F. 2015, "Probing strong-field gravity through numerical simulation", in A. Ashtekar, B. K. Berger, J. Isenberg & M. MacCallum (eds), General Relativity and Gravitation: A Centennial Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 978-1-107-03731-1. Most metals react with dilute acids and when they do, a salt of the metal and hydrogen gas are formed. The salt is named following the rules you learned in the Acid and alkalis study guide. Many things that are made of metals may, in fact, be made of mixtures of at least one metal with either other metals, or with non-metals. These mixtures are called alloys. Some common alloys are: Potassium and sodium are much too dangerous to react with dilute acid! The reaction is dangerously fast and potentially explosive. Summary MetalMartin, John C.; Morrison, Heather L. (May 18, 1998) [1998]. "A New Analysis of RR Lyrae Kinematics in the Solar Neighborhood". The Astronomical Journal (published October 1, 1998). 116 (4): 1724–1735. arXiv: astro-ph/9806258. Bibcode: 1998AJ....116.1724M. doi: 10.1086/300568. S2CID 18530430– via IOPscience. Cox P. A. (1997). The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Oxford University Press: Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-855298-7.

Metals are relatively good conductors of heat. The electrons in a metal's electron cloud are highly mobile and easily able to pass on heat-induced vibrational energy. Tylecote, R. F. (1992). A History of Metallurgy, Second Edition. London: Maney Publishing, for the Institute of Materials. ISBN 978-1-902653-79-2. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Although most elemental metals have higher densities than most nonmetals, [6] there is a wide variation in their densities, lithium being the least dense (0.534g/cm 3) and osmium (22.59g/cm 3) the most dense. (Some of the 6d transition metals are expected to be denser than osmium, but predictions on their densities vary widely in the literature, and in any case their known isotopes are too unstable for bulk production to be possible.) Magnesium, aluminium and titanium are light metals of significant commercial importance. Their respective densities of 1.7, 2.7, and 4.5g/cm 3 can be compared to those of the older structural metals, like iron at 7.9 and copper at 8.9g/cm 3. An iron ball would thus weigh about as much as three aluminum balls of equal volume.Sulfide ores are not reduced directly to the metal but are roasted in air to convert them to oxides. Quasicyrstalline alloys A Ho-Mg-Zn icosahedral quasicrystal formed as a pentagonal dodecahedron, the dual of the icosahedron In 1803, cerium was the first of the lanthanide metals to be discovered, in Bastnäs, Sweden by Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger, and independently by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in Germany. The lanthanide metals were largely regarded as oddities until the 1960s when methods were developed to more efficiently separate them from one another. They have subsequently found uses in cell phones, magnets, lasers, lighting, batteries, catalytic converters, and in other applications enabling modern technologies. Alloys specially designed for highly demanding applications, such as jet engines, may contain more than ten elements.