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The longus capitis is a long, flat muscle that arises from the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6 as four thin muscle strips. Skeletal muscle is often referred to as ‘voluntary’ muscle due to the fact that we think of its contraction being under conscious control; this is a misconception however, as skeletal muscle is involved in various movements which are under a subconscious level (e. As a result, cut sections of cardiac muscle tissue will usually present various orientations of muscle fibers adjacent to one another. Cell-to-cell communication is largely facilitated via gap junctions which are located close to openings in the basement membrane, allowing the regulation and propagation of contractile signals across the smooth muscle tissue. Skeletal myocytes often measure several centimeters, or tens of centimeters in length, with the number of nuclei contained within being proportional to their length.
It then courses upwards to insert between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone.Bundles of striated muscle fibers which tend to work together to perform a specific function are enclosed by a thicker layer of connective tissue known as perimysium (peri- = around), to form muscle fascicles. These fibers pass horizontally to insert onto the medial acromial margin and the superior crest of the scapular spine.
The musculature of the neck is further divided into more specific groups based on a number of determinants; including depth, precise location and function. Depending on which part of the trapezius contracts, these movements may be elevation, depression, retraction and rotation of the scapula.Muscle atrophy resulting from disease rather than disuse is generally one of two types, that resulting from damage to the nerves that supply the muscles, and disease of the muscle itself.